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2022 Supreme(Jhk) 910

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JHARKHAND, RANCHI
Sanjay Kumar Dwivedi, J.
Sudhanshu Ranjan @ Chhotu Singh - Petitioner
Versus
The Union of India, through National Investigation Agency, New Delhi - Opposite Party
Cr.M.P. No. 1300 of 2021
Decided On : 22-04-2022

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Petitioner:Mr. Ajit Kumar, Sr. Advocate, Mr. Vishal Kumar Trivedi, Advocate
For the Respondent:Mr. Vikramjit Banerjee, A.S.G.I, Mr. Amit Kumar Das, Advocate,Ms. Zeenat Mallick, P.P., Mr. Saurav Kumar, Advocate
For the Intervenor :Mr. Indrajit Sinha, Advocate

Headnote:(A) National Investigation Agency Act, 2008 - Section 21 - Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 - Sections 306(4)(b), 437, 439 and 482 - Bail application - Petitioner was a turned approver under section 306 Cr.P.C. and sought bail after being in custody for over three years pending trial against co-accused who had been granted bail. The core issue was whether the petitioner, as approver, could be denied liberty indefinitely based on statutory provisions and potential threats from co-accused. The court acknowledged that while Section 306(4)(b) mandates an approver's detention until trial termination, in exceptional circumstances—specifically prolonged detention without reasonable trial—release can be ordered under inherent jurisdiction of Section 482 Cr.P.C. The petitioner was thus granted bail, conditioned on participation in ongoing judicial proceedings. (Paras 1, 6, 20, 24)

(B) Legal interpretation - The detention of an approver is not punitive but protective, aimed at ensuring his safety. Nonetheless, if the conditions of citizenship or the ongoing delays amount to a violation of Article 21, discretion for bail exists under section 482. (Paras 14, 22)

Table of Content
1. hearing conducted via video conferencing. (Para 2 , 3)
2. details of the fir and context of charges. (Para 4 , 5)
3. arguments regarding maintainability under section 482 cr.p.c. (Para 6 , 7)
4. the mandatory nature of section 306(4)(b) regarding detention of approvers. (Para 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12)
5. legal interpretation of approvers' detention and rights under article 21. (Para 13 , 18)
6. court's observation on balance of detainment and article 21. (Para 15 , 16 , 17)
7. arguments against prolonged detainment without bail option. (Para 19 , 20)
8. legal precedent and reasoning for conditional granting of bail. (Para 21 , 22 , 23)
9. decision to grant bail with conditions outlined. (Para 24)
10. conclusion and order of the court. (Para 25 , 26)

ORDER :

Heard.

2. This petition has been heard through Video Conferencing in view of the guidelines of the High Court taking into account the situation arising due to COVID-19 pandemic. None of the parties have complained about any technical snag of audio-video and with their consent this matter has been heard.

3. In this case an office note was there to the effect that since the case is arising out of National Investigation Agency, Act, 2008, as the matter will lie before the Division Bench and by order dated 18.08.2021 considering the submission of learned counsel appearing for the parties as well as the judgment relied by the petitioner, this Court held that prima facie this matter is maintainable under section 482 Cr.P.C., thereafter the matter was adjourned from time to time for cross-examining the petitioner by the counsels of co-accused persons.

4. In the present case, the petitioner has prayed for granting his release on bail as he has been tendered pardon(turned approver) under Section 306 Cr.P.C. in connection with RC-06/2018/NIA/DLI dated 16.02.2018 corresponding to Special (NIA) Case No.03/2018 registered under sections 414/384/386/387/120B of the IPC, 25(1-b)a/26/35 of the ARMS ACT , Section 17 (1)(2) of the CLA Act and sections 16/17/20/23 of the UA(P) Act and the case is pending in the court of learned Special Judge, NIA-cum-Additional Judicial Commissioner-XVI, Ranchi.

5. The FIR was registered alleging therein that-

    a) That an FIR was registered as Tandwa P.S.Case No.02/2016 dated 11.01.2016 u/s 414/ 384/ 386/ 387/ 120B of the IPC, 25(1-b)a/26/35 of the Arms Act, section 17(1)(2) of the CLA Act in which during investigation sections of UA(P) Act were added and vide order dated 13.02.2018 the case has been transferred to NIA and NIA has re-registered the FIR bearing RC- 06/2018/NIA/DLI on 16.02.2018;

    b) That it has been alleged in the FIR so registered in Tandwa P.S.02/2016 that credible information received by SP, Chatra that some locals have formed an operating committee in the coal region of Amrapali/Magadh Projects under P.S. Tandwa;

    c) That it has further been alleged that the operating committee has relation with banned unlawful association Tritiya Prastuti Committee (in short TPC). Some people of the operating committee were threatening the contractors, transporters, DO holders and coal businessman for extorting /collecting levy in the name of the operatives of banned organization namely Gopal Singh Bhokta @ Brijesh Ganjhu, Mukesh Ganjhu, Kohram Ji, Akrman Ji @ Ravindra Ganjhu, Anishchay Ganjhu, Bhikhan Ganjhu, Deepu Singh @ Bhikan and Bindu Ganjhu;

    d) That on the of SP, Chatra, a team headed by Shri Akhilesh B.Variyar, SDPO, Tandwa along with SHO Tandwa and QRT Team raided at about 09.10 PM on 11.02.2016 in the house of Binod Kumar Ganjhu who was the president of Magadh Operating Committee and in presence of independent witnesses namely Raj Kumar Bhagat Rs. 91,75,890/- (Rs. Ninety One Lakh Seventy Five Thousand and Eight Hundred Ninety) was seized and two mobile phones were also seized;

    e) That two suspected persons namely Birbal Ganjhu and Munesh Ganjhu were also present in the house of Binod Kumar Ganjhu. In the personal search of Birbal Ganjhu one loaded mous

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