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2025 Supreme(Jhk) 1769

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JHARKHAND AT RANCHI 
SUJIT NARAYAN PRASAD, SANJAY PRASAD, JJ.
Haliya Swanshi @ Satyanarayan Swanshi son of Sanatan Swanshi - Appellant
Vs.
The State of Jharkhand - Respondent
Cr. Appeal (DB) No. 1486 of 2024 with I.A. No. 7523 of 2025
Decided On : 21-08-2025

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant :Mr. Shiv Prasad Singh, Advocate
For the Respondent: Mr. Pankaj Kr. Mishra, A.P.P.

The POCSO Act renders consent irrelevant for minors, holding the accused culpable for rape regardless of biological parenthood, emphasizing a strict liability approach to protect children.

Headnote:(A) Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 - Section 2(1)(d) - Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Section 376(2)(n) - Conviction for rape of a minor - Accused sentenced to 10 years rigorous imprisonment and fine for establishing physical relations with a minor girl on the false assurance of marriage - Consent immaterial under POCSO since the victim was below 18 years old - Presumption of culpability under Sections 29 and 30 of POCSO Act applies unless rebutted. (Paras 22, 36, 37).

(B) Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 - Suspension of sentence - Differentiation between pre-trial bail and post-conviction bail - In cases of post-conviction, strong reasons must be shown for suspension of sentence, as presumption of innocence does not apply post-conviction. (Paras 18, 30).

Facts of the case:
The appellant, aged around 15 at the time of the incident, was lured with promises of marriage and subjected to sexual relations leading to pregnancy. The case was supported by the victim’s testimony, despite the accused claiming innocence due to DNA results. (Paras 2, 4, 32).

Findings of Court:
The Court affirmed convictions based on the victim's testimony, supporting witnesses, and the presumption of guilt under POCSO unless proven otherwise. DNA results were irrelevant to the crime of rape committed against a minor. (Paras 25, 36).

Issues: The main issues included the admissibility of consent in cases under the POCSO Act and the grounds for suspending a post-conviction sentence during appeal. (Paras 24, 40).

Ratio Decidendi: The court ruled that under POCSO, minors cannot consent to sexual relations, establishing that the accused's conviction was justified despite DNA evidence suggesting he was not the biological father of the child. (Paras 22, 35).

Result: I.A. No. 7523 of 2025 is dismissed. The sentence of the appellant is upheld during the pendency of the appeal.

Table of Content
1. interlocutory application details and conviction background. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6)
2. arguments for the appellant's bail and suspension. (Para 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12)
3. opposition's stance on bail application during appeal. (Para 13 , 14 , 15)
4. court's balancing the principles of law with the case particulars. (Para 16 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21)
5. consent in pocso cases is immaterial for minors. (Para 22 , 23 , 24 , 25)
6. judicial precedent on minors and consent in sexual offences. (Para 26 , 27 , 28 , 29)
7. victim's testimony and corroboration of age. (Para 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34)
8. implications of consent and the burden of proof in pocso. (Para 35 , 36 , 37 , 38)
9. final order on the interlocutory application. (Para 39 , 40 , 41 , 42)

Sujit Narayan Prasad, J.

I.A. No. 7523 of 2025:

1. The instant interlocutory application has been filed under Section 4 30 (1) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 for keeping the sentence in abeyance in connection with the judgment of conviction dated 28.09.2024 and order of sentence dated 30.09.2024 passed by the learned A.J.C.-IV-cum-Special Judge, POCSO, Ranchi in POCSO Case No. 127 of 2022 arising out of Tamar P.S. Case No. 65 of 2022, whereby and whereunder, the appellant has been convicted and sentenced to undergo Rigorous Imprisonment for 10 years along with fine of Rs. 15,000/- for the offence punishable under Sections 376(2) of IPC and in default of payment of fine, he has further been sentenced to undergo further simple imprisonment for 6 months; and in view of Section 4 2 of the POCSO Act, 2012, no separate sentence is being passed under Section 4 of the POCSO Act.

Factual Matrix:

2. The brief facts of the case as per the written report of the informant is as under:

The victim has given a typed report to O/c Tamar P.S. on 26.07.2022 and stated therein that she is a poor minor girl aged about 15 years and the appellant herein allured her and also gave assurance to marry her and established physical relation with her many times since last one year and the victim became pregnant and gave birth to a female child. She demanded maintenance for the said child, then the appellant refused to give any maintenance for the said child and also refused to marry with the victim and had also given threat to kill the victim and her child.

3. On the basis of the aforesaid written report, FIR being Tamar P.S.Case No. 65 of 2022 was instituted and the police took up investigation into the case and accordingly chargesheet was submitted against the present appellant.

4. The Trial Court, after recording the evidence of witnesses, examination-in-chief and cross-examination, recorded the statement of the accused person and found the charges levelled against the appellant proved beyond all reasonable doubts.

5. Accordingly, the appellant has been convicted and sentenced to undergo Rigorous Imprisonment for 10 years along with fine of Rs. 15,000/- for the offence punishable under Sections 376(2) of IPC and in default of payment of fine, he has further been sentenced to undergo further simple imprisonment for 6 months; and in view of Section 4 2 of the POCSO Act, 2012, no separate sentence is being passed under Section 4 of the POCSO Act.

6. The instant interlocutory application has been preferred by the applicant/appellant with the prayer for the suspension of sentence during pendency of the instant appeal.

Arguments advanced by the learned counsel for the appellant:

7. It has been submitted by the learned counsel for the appellant that on earlier occasion also, the appellant had moved before this Court for suspension of sentence by filing I.A. No. 727 of 2025 which has been dismissed as not pressed vide order dated 04.02.2025.

8. It has been further been contended that the DNA test done by the FSL has come with the finding that the appellant is not a biological father of the child born to the victim, but going against the report of the FSL, the learned Trial Court arbitrarily has suppose

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