Chitra Venkataraman, J.

1. T.C.(A)Nos.2206 to 2208 of 2006, 2629 and 2630 of 2006 and 598 to 601 of 2013 are filed by two different assessees and T.C.(A)Nos.56 to 64 of 2013 are filed by the Revenue as against the order of the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal. The assessment years under consideration in T.C.(A)Nos.2206 to 2208 of 2006, 2629 and 2630 of 2006 and 598 to 601 of 2013 are 2002-03, 2003-04 and 2004-05; 2003-04 and 2004-05 and 2002-03, 2003-04 and 2004-05 and 2006-07 respectively. The assessment years under consideration in T.C.(A)Nos.56 to 64 of 2013 are 2002-03, 2003-04, 2004-05, 2006-07, 2002-03, 2003-04, 2004-05, 2005-06 and 2006-07 respectively.

2. This Court admitted the above Tax Case (Appeals) on the following substantial questions of law:

T.C.(A)Nos.2206 to 2208 of 2006:

"1. Whether on the facts and circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was right in holding that the payment made for taking ship on time chartered basis would constitute "royalty" as defined under Section 9(1)(vi)(b) of the Income Tax Act and tax has to be deducted at source accordingly?

2. Whether on the facts and circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was right in not holding that as per the terms of "time charter of ships", the charterer merely acquires a right for performance of services by the ship owner for carriage of goods and is not for the use of ships pure and simple?

3. Whether on the facts and circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was right in holding that the assessee cannot decide whether to deduct tax at source or not on the basis of bonafide belief that the amounts are not chargeable to Indian Income Tax? and

4. Whether the Tribunal failed to note that the payment for time charter made to a foreign shipping company cannot be subject to Indian Income Tax in view of the provisions of the Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements entered into between India and the respective foreign nations?"

T.C.(A)Nos.2629 & 2630 of 2006:

"1. Whether a ship is "equipment" within the meaning of Article XII of the India-Cyprus Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement?

2. Whether payments made by the appellant - assessee towards the Bareboat-Charter-cum-Demise will not constitute capital expenditure, when the BBCO is the approved means of finance ship acquisition in the 1990s, in accordance with Ministry of Finance letter dated 19.10.92?

3. Whether payments made under the BBCD are exigible to tax in India, when the vessel is flying the cyprus flag, and is deemed to be flying the Indian flag only for the purpose of lifting Government cargo, under the provisions of the Merchant Shipping Act?

4. Whether the Tribunal's interpretation of Articles 7, 8 and 12 of the India-Cyprus Double Taxation Avoidance agreement is correct?

5. Whether the Tribunal's construction of BBCD is correct, especially in the light of position now abundantly clarified by Section 115V of the Act?

T.C.(A)Nos.56 to 64 of 2013:

"1. Whether under the facts and circumstances of the case, the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal was right in holding that the assessee is not an agent of the foreign shipping companies to whom it has made payment towards hire charges for the vessels?

2. Whether under the facts and circumstances of the case, the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal was right in holding that the lease of vessels by the assessee from the Foreign Shipping Companies is only on time charter?

3. Whether under the facts and circumstances of the case, the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal was right in holding that the payment made by the assessee to the foreign shipping companies towards hire charges is not 'royalty'?

4. Whether under facts and circumstances of the case, the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal was right in not following its earlier decisions in its own case reported in 109 ITD 226 and in the case of West Asia Maritime Limited 297 ITR 202 (AT-Chen), wherein it was held that the remittances were in the nature of royalty and liable for tax deduction at source?

5. Whether under the facts a