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2015 Supreme(Mad) 540

HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
SATISH K. AGNIHOTRI & M. VENUGOPAL, JJ.
T.C. Ramadoss & Another – Petitioners
Versus
Chief Manager & Authorised Officer State Bank of India Stressed Assets Management Branch Red Cross Buildings & Others – Respondents
W.P. Nos. 24598 & 24353 of 2014 & M.P. Nos. 1, 2 & 3 of 2014
Decided On : 29-01-2015

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioners:A.R.L. Sundaresan, Senior Counsel for M/s. V. Madhavan, Advocate.
For the Respondents: R1, M.L. Ganesh, R6, M. Rajendran No appearance.

Headnote:

Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 - Section 13(2) - Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 - Section 12 - Movable and immovable properties - Possession of secured assets - Debt Recovery - Facts in nutshell are that respondents 3 and 4 borrowed loan to tune of from respondent bank against movable and immovable properties pledged mortgaged as secured assets in favor of respondent bank - When borrowers became defaulters respondent bank classified secured assets as Non Performing Assets as - Thereafter a demand notice was issued under Section 13(2) and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 for short the Act, 2002 to borrowers and guarantors petitioners also - No payment was made as statutorily required within from date of the said notice - However a representation was made under Section 13(3-A) of Act, 2002 - Thereafter a notice under Section 13(4) of Act, 2002 was issued wherein symbolic possession of secured assets was effected - An Original Application being was also filed by respondent bank for recovery of money to the tune of before Debt Recovery Tribunal Chennai - Thereafter respondent bank preferred an application under Section 14(1) of Act, 2002, before CJM who in exercise of his presumptive power under Section 14 of Act, 2002, passed impugned order holding that respondent bank was entitled to take over actual possession of property in question and also assistance thereon was granted – Held, Law declared by a court will have a retrospective effect if not otherwise stated to be so specifically - Full bench having not said so subsequent Division Bench did not have jurisdiction in that behalf - Thus said judicial decision is of no aid to respondents - Doctrine of prospective overruling was recognized for first time in American jurisprudence in Great Northern Railway said doctrine was for first time applied in Golan Nat - State of in India and thereafter referred and relied on in various decisions and as such the doctrine of prospective overruling is now an integral part of Indian Legal System - It is well settled that overruling decision is a new decision because it has overruled settled precedent and it has decided an issue of first impression where at least one earlier case has not foreshadowed overruling decision - In case on hand Full Bench has not unsettled settled position of law - Settled position of law has been interpreted on plain reading of provisions - Thus contention of counsel for respondent that decision of Full Bench would be applicable prospectively does not merit acceptance and it is accordingly rejected - Language of relevant provision is plain and clear admitting no confusion which has been interpreted by Full Bench in its decision - It is a well settled principle of law that any order passed by an authority without jurisdiction is void and non and as such any consequential action taken on basis of said order falls to ground - Resultantly court set aside impugned passed by CJM reserving liberty to respondent bank to take recourse to appropriate jurisdictional forum under provisions of law - Writ petitions stand allowed

JUDGMENT

SATISH K. AGNIHOTRI, J.

1. Both the instant writ petitions arise from the common order dated 23.07.2012 passed by the Chief Judicial Magistrate, Vellore (for short the CJM) in Crl. M.P. No. 864 of 2012.

2. The facts in nutshell are that the respondents 3 and 4 borrowed loan to the tune of Rs. 22.82 crores from the respondent bank against movable and immovable properties pledged/mortgaged as secured assets in favour of the respondent bank. When the borrowers became defaulters, the respondent bank classified the secured assets as Non Performing Assets as on 31.12.2011. Thereafter, a demand notice was issued on 30.03.2012 under Section 13(2) of the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 (for short the Act, 2002) to the borrowers and guarantors, i.e., the petitioners also. No payment was made as statutorily required within 60 days from the date of the said notice. However, a representation was made under Section 13(3-A) of the Act, 2002, on 24.04.2012. Thereafter, a notice under Section 13(4) of the Act, 2002 was issued on 18.06.2012, wherein, symbolic possession of the secured assets was effected. An Original Application being O.A. No. 8 of 2012 was also filed by the respondent bank for recovery of money to the tune of Rs. 24 crores before the Debt Recovery Tribunal-I, Chennai. Thereafter, the respondent bank preferred an application under Section 14(1) of the Act, 2002, before the CJM, who, in exercise of his presumptive power under Section 14 of the Act, 2002, passed the impugned order dated 23.07.2012, holding that the respondent bank was entitled to take over actual possession of the property in question and also, assistance thereon was granted.

3. The present petitioners, who were arrayed as respondents in all the proceedings, have come up with the instant writ petitions stating that they have no role in the loan transaction and that they have also not stood guarantee for the loan and in fact, they have been deceived by the beneficiaries, i.e., the borrowers.

4. It is contended by Mr. AR.L. Sundaresan, learned Senior Counsel appearing for the petitioners that the order passed by the CJM is illegal and non-est as the CJM has no authority to exercise jurisdiction under Section 14 of the Act, 2002 for passing the order of taking over actual possession and granting assistance accordingly. The learned Senior Counsel relies on a decision of a Full Bench of this Court in K. Arokiyaraj and Others vs. The Chief Judicial Magistrate, Srivilliputhur, Virudunagar District and Others, 2013 (6) MLJ 641: 2013 (4) LW 485, wherein, it was held that in districts where there is no Chief Metropolitan Magistrate having jurisdiction, the District Magistrate alone has the jurisdiction to exercise power under Section 14 of the Act, 2002. Thus, the impugned order passed by the CJM be set aside and the consequential action be held as null and void.

5. On the other hand, Mr. M.L. Ganesh, learned counsel for the respondent bank would submit that the Full Bench judgment of this Court in K. Arokiyaraj 2013 (6) MLJ 641: 2013 (4) LW 485 (supra), was pronounced on 27.08.2013, after the CJM exercising his power under Section 14 of the Act, 2002, had passed the order on 23.07.2012. Thus, applying the principle of prospective overruling, the impugned order is valid and sustainable in the eye of law. It is further contended that the petitioners, who are the guarantors, have not taken any steps before filing of an application under Section 14 of the Act, 2002. In such an event, when notice was issued under Section 13(4) of the Act, 2002, to all the parties, viz., borrowers and guarantors, including the petitioners, the course open to them was to approach to the Debt Recovery Tribunal against the order. At this stage, the petitioners cannot be permitted to raise the issue and question the order passed by the CJM, on technicalities. The learned counsel for the respondent bank would further submit th






































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