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2020 Supreme(Mad) 970

IN THE HIGH COURT OF MADRAS
Senthilkumar Ramamoorthy, J.
Jumbo World Holdings Limited and Ors. – Appellants
Versus
Embassy Property Developments Private Limited and Ors. – Respondents
O.P. No. 891 of 2015, A. Nos. 2795 and 6816 of 2019
Decided On : 10-01-2020

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant : Darius Khambatta, Senior Counsel for Anirudh Krishnan
For the Respondent: Sudipto Sarkar, Senior Counsel for R. Parthasarathy

Headnote:

Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 - Section 34 - Specific Relief Act, 1963 - Section 12 - Indian Contract Act, 1872 - Section 63 - Termination is invalid and reiterated - Immovable property - Share Purchase Agreement - Court heard learned senior counsel assisted for Petitioners and learned senior counsel assisted for Respondent - Senior counsel for Petitioners submitted that Respondent was provided option of electing either part or full performance and that Respondent elected full performance - Consequently it was not open to Respondent to subsequently do a volte face and claim part performance whereas that is precisely situation in this case - In this connection he referred to Section 12 of Specific Relief Act, 1963 and in particular clause 3 thereof which enables such part performance - In view of refusal of Respondent to accept part performance he pointed out that Petitioners were constrained to terminate SPA because it was not possible-and indeed it was beyond Petitioners control-to ensure that encroachments/encumbrances were cleared as demanded by Respondent – Held, On examining Clause 12 of SPA Court find that it does not enable either party to terminate contract on a no-fault basis – Equally it cannot be concluded that SPA is inherently unilaterally determinable like a license or a partnership at will - Therefore Court of view that it is not a contract which is determinable in nature as per Section 14 of SRA - Consequently it cannot be said that SPA cannot be specifically enforced - Inequity of waiver after prices of underlying assets escalated manifold was also canvassed by learned senior counsel for Petitioners and this contention would have merited close attention if Petitioners had continued to offer performance of SPA subject to third party claims and in response if Respondent refused continually over a long period of time before making a volte face – Instead Petitioners purported to terminate SPA fairly swiftly on May and consequently triggered an action for specific performance which ran its course over time - Therefore in Court view adverse monetary consequences that are entailed by order of specific performance appear to be a self-inflicted wound – Petition dismissed

ORDER :

Senthilkumar Ramamoorthy, J.

1. The Petitioners are the controlling shareholders of a company, which was called Gordon Woodroffe Limited (GWL). The said company is said to be the owner of about 87 acres of land at Jameen Pallavaram. A Share Purchase Agreement dated 21 December 2005 (the SPA) was entered into between the Petitioners and the Respondent. In terms of the said SPA, the Petitioners agreed to sell a specified number of shares of GWL, which are defined as Sale Shares in the SPA, to the Respondent and the Respondent agreed to buy the same at the consideration specified in the SPA. In the SPA, the Petitioners, inter alia, provided a representation and warranty with regard to GWL's good and marketable title over the lands, without encumbrances. As a pre-requisite to closing/completion of the transaction, the Respondent was permitted to erect a fence around the immovable property of GWL. While such fencing was carried out, third-party obstructions were noticed by the Respondent. Therefore, the Respondent called upon the Petitioners, by letter dated 11.02.2006 (Ex. C-26), to clear such obstructions and ensure that the representation and warranty with regard to the immovable property holds good. In response, by reply dated 20.02.2006 (Ex. C-27), the Petitioners provided two options to the Respondent, namely, (a) amend the SPA by excluding the representations, warranties and indemnities in respect of the contentious parcels of land (the Contentious Land Parcels), extend the scheduled closing date of 21.02.2006 by 15 calendar days for such purpose and close the transaction; or (b) close the transaction by relying on the indemnities in respect of the property. The Respondent, however, by rejoinder dated 24.02.2006 (Ex. C-28), insisted that the encumbrances should be cleared. In these circumstances, the Petitioners terminated the SPA on 18.05.2006 (Ex. C-33), by reference to Clause 12.3 thereof, and endeavoured to refund the advance of Rs. 25 crores. In response, by reply dated 25.05.2006 (Ex. C-34), the Respondent stated that the termination is invalid and reiterated that it was and is ready and willing to consummate the transaction as per the terms of the SPA. This resulted in a dispute, which was referred to arbitration. In the arbitration, the Respondent requested for specific performance of the SPA and, by a subsequent amendment, in the alternative, claimed damages of approximately Rs. 1223.2 crores. By majority award dated 31.07.2015 (the Award), specific performance was awarded on condition that the Respondent would waive the representation and warranty as also the indemnity in respect of 24 acres of land and, consequently, not make any claims on that basis. The Award is impugned in this Petition under Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (the Arbitration Act).

2. I heard the learned senior counsel, Mr. Darius Khambatta, assisted by Mr. Anirudh Krishnan for the Petitioners and the learned senior counsel, Mr. Sudipto Sarkar, assisted by Mr. Madhan Babu for the Respondent.

3. The learned senior counsel for the Petitioners submitted that the Respondent was provided the option of electing either part or full performance and that the Respondent elected full performance. Consequently, it was not open to the Respondent to subsequently do a volte face and claim part performance, whereas that is precisely the situation in this case. In this connection, he referred to Section 12 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963 (the SRA) and, in particular, clause 3 thereof which enables such part performance. In view of the refusal of the Respondent to accept part performance, he pointed out that the Petitioners were constrained to terminate the SPA because it was not possible-and, indeed, it was beyond the Petitioners' control-to ensure that the encroachments/encumbrances were cleared as demanded by the Respondent.

4. In this regard, he referred to the letter dated 11.02.2006 from the Respondent, whereby the Petitioners we

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