IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
G. JAYACHANDRAN, J.
Puniyavathi & Another - Appellant
Versus
Pachaiammal & Others - Respondent
Appeal Suit No. 251 of 2011
Decided On : 22-02-2022
Code of Civil Procedure,1908 - Section 96 - Limitation Act - Article 65 and Section 27 - Hindu Succession Act, 1956 - Section 6 - Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005 - Registration Act, 1908 - Hindu Succession Act, 1956 - Extinguishment of right to property - Suit for partition - Alleging plaintiffs have no interest in the estate of their father’s property - Defendants properties which are left divided among male members as per partition deed same has been acted upon - Alienation of suit properties has been effected 18 years prior to suit and plaintiffs were aware of all those facts, had filed suit for partition with ulterior motive though they have no rights in the properties – Held, Entering into possession and having a lawful title to enter, he could not divest himself of that title by pretending that he had no title as all - His title must have ensured for benefit of his co-proprietors - His possession was, in law possession of his co-owners - It was not possible for him to put an end to that possession by any secret intention in his mind - Nothing short of ouster or something equivalent to ouster could bring about that result - Order that possession of co-owner may be adverse to others, it is necessary that there should be ouster or something equivalent to it - Ouster” does not mean actual driving out of co-sharer from the property - It will not be complete unless it is coupled with all other ingredients required to constitute adverse possession - Broadly speaking, three elements are necessary for establishing plea of ouster in case of co-owner - Court finds that conduct of plaintiffs approaching Court 31 years after opening of succession and 18 years after division of properties among brothers naturally leads to an inference that they have been ousted and with their knowledge defendants were in enjoyment of property exclusively adverse to plaintiffs for more than period prescribed under Article 65 of Limitation Act which prescribes 12 years period as limitation for possession of immovable property or any interest based on title - Plaintiffs as co-sharer had not produced any evidence to show that they had animus to possess property and it is highly improbable to believe that they had no knowledge about partition effected between brothers and subsequent partition among one of sharer – Appeal suit is dismissed.
JUDGMENT :
Prayer: This Appeal Suit is filed under Section 96 of the Code of Civil Procedure, against the Judgment and decree dated 06.12.2010 and made in O.S.No.106 of 2009 on the file of the Additional District Judge-cum-Fast Track Court No.2, Cuddalore.
1. The unsuccessful plaintiffs in their suit for partition are the appellants herein. For the sake of convenience, the parties are described as per their status and ranking before the Trial Court.
2. The plaintiffs are daughters of one Mr.Balakrishnan Padayachi, who died interstate in the year 1978. Their mother Valliammai died in the year 2004. Mr.Balakrishnan Padayachi and Valliammai had four sons and three daughters. While two daughters had joined together and filed suit for partition, alleging that they were in joint possession and enjoyment of the suit property after the demise of Balakrishnan Padayachi, the other daughters and sons have contested the suit for partition alleging that, the plaintiffs have no interest in the estate of their father’s property. According to the defendants the properties which are left by Mr.Balakrishnan Padayachi was divided among the male members as per the partition deed dated 25.07.1991 and same has been acted upon. Further alienation of the suit properties has been effected 18 years prior to the suit and the plaintiffs were aware of all those facts, had filed the suit for partition with ulterior motive though they have no rights in the properties.
3. The Trial Court, after considering the pleadings held that the plaintiffs are not entitled for any share in the properties left by Mr.Balakrishnan Padayachi, who died in the year 1978 as interstate. Even if the plaintiffs have any right, same has been extinguished.
4. The brief summary of the pleadings before the Trial Court are as below:-
5. The 1st defendant/Pachaiammal, who is one of the daughters of Mr.Balakrishnan Padayachi had supported the partition deed dated 25.07.1991 entered between the sons of Balakrishnan Padayachi. According to her written statement she along with her two sisters have given up their right and abandoned their right in favour of the male members of the family and with their knowledge, the partition was effected on 25.07.1991.
6. The 3rd defendant/Palani @ Narayanasami has filed written statement contending that the suit for partition is barred by limitation and the suit suffers without any cause of action with invented fact
In a partition suit, registered documents act as constructive notice, initiating the limitation period. Prolonged exclusive possession of ancestral property by a co-owner establishes ouster. Addition....
A claim for partition can prevail despite long possession by others if there is insufficient proof of ouster or adverse possession against a co-parcener. Limitation Act principles apply to claims acc....
A co-parcener's possession is presumed to be joint; mere exclusive possession by another does not constitute adverse possession without evidence of hostile intent, supporting the right to partition.
Possession of one co-parcener is deemed possession of all; mere long possession does not establish adverse possession without evidence of ouster.
The main legal point established in the judgment is that unless prior partition is established, there shall be a presumption that the property is joint family property, and a family arrangement in th....
Ouster among co-sharers requires hostile animus, long exclusive possession known to other co-owner; mere possession insufficient.
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