IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
R. SUBRAMANIAN, SATHI KUMAR SUKUMARA KURUP, JJ.
Sumathy Venu – Appellant
Versus
A.R. Venu – Respondent
C.M.A. Nos. 3161 & 3165 of 2014
Decided On : 01-03-2023
Family Court Act - Divorce - Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, Section 13(1)(i-a) - Mental cruelty - Irretrievable breakdown of marriage - Refusal to sever the marriage tie despite the irretrievable breakdown - Impact and propriety of - Held, where there has been a long period of continuous separation, it may fairly be concluded that the matrimonial bond is beyond repair - The marriage becomes a fiction though supported by a legal tie - By refusing to sever that tie, the law in such cases does not serve the sanctity of marriage; on the contrary it shows scant regard for the feelings and emotions of the parties - In such like situations, it may lead to mental cruelty - In present case, trial court had rightly concluded that the various instances in their matrimonial life, had led to grave mental cruelty to the appellant husband - Further, the High Court failed to take into consideration the most important aspect of the case that the parties had admittedly been living separately for more than 16 ½ year - The entire substratum of marriage had already disappeared. Even when the appellant was seriously ill and had to undergo a heart bypass surgery, neither the respondent wife nor any member of her family bothered to enquire as to appellant's health even on the telephone - Hence the parties had no feelings or emotions towards each other - The irresistible conclusion would be that the matrimonial bond had been ruptured beyond repair because of the mental cruelty caused by the respondent - This was a clear case of irretrievable breakdown of marriage - Any further effort to keep it alive would prove to be totally counterproductive - Even in the Supreme Court, the parties being present in Court, the appellant was not even prepared to speak with the respondent despite a request from the Court - In this view of the matter, the parties could not be compelled to live together - Divorce decree restored - Family Law - Special Marriage Act, 1954 - Section 27(1)(d) - Family Law - Divorce.
Fact of the Case:
The Appeals were filed by the Appellant/Wife against the Judgment and Decree of the Family Court, Coimbatore granting divorce to the Respondent/Husband on the ground of cruelty by the Appellant/Wife and dismissing the petition for restitution of conjugal rights filed by the Appellant/Wife. The Appellant/Wife contended that the grounds raised by the Husband were based on false averments and that the evidence presented by the Wife was not considered. The Respondent/Husband claimed that the marriage was based on false representations by the Appellant/Wife regarding her age and educational qualifications, leading to mental cruelty.
Finding of the Court:
The Court found that the marriage had irretrievably broken down due to the mental cruelty caused by the respondent wife. The Court observed that the parties had been living separately for more than 16 ½ years, and the entire substratum of marriage had disappeared. The Court concluded that any further effort to keep the marriage alive would prove to be totally counterproductive, and the divorce decree was restored.
Issues: The issues revolved around the grounds for divorce based on mental cruelty and the refusal to sever the marriage tie despite the irretrievable breakdown of the marriage.
Ratio Decidendi: The Court applied the principle that where there has been a long period of continuous separation, it may fairly be concluded that the matrimonial bond is beyond repair, leading to mental cruelty. The Court also emphasized that any further effort to keep the marriage alive would prove to be totally counterproductive.
Final Decision: The Court dismissed the Appeals, confirming the findings of the Family Court and restoring the divorce decree.
JUDGMENT
(Prayer: These Civil Miscellaneous Appeals are filed under Sections 19 (1) of Family Court Act, 1984 and Section 28 of Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, to set aside the Judgment and Decree dated 06.08.2014 passed in HMOP.No.607 of 2006 (Dissolution of Marriage) and H.M.O.P.No.526 of 2007 (Restitution of Conjugal Rights) on the file of the Family Court, Coimbatore by allowing the appeals.)
Common Judgment:
Sathi Kumar Sukumara Kurup, J.
1. These Appeals filed by the Appellant/Wife as Party-in-person against the Judgment and Decree of the learned Judge, Family Court, Coimbatore granting decree of divorce to the Respondent/Husband in H.M.O.P.No.607 of 2006 on the ground of cruelty by the Appellant/Wife and dismissing the petition for restitution of conjugal rights filed in H.M.O.P.No.526 of 2007 by the Appellant/Wife.
2. It is the contention of the Appellant/Party-in-person that after filing of the Appeal as C.M.A.SR.No.82307 of 2014 and issuing notice before numbering the Civil Miscellaneous Appeal, the Respondent/Husband had contracted second marriage on the strength of the decree of divorce granted by the learned Judge, Family Court, Coimbatore in H.M.O.P.No.607 of 2006.
2.1. It is her contention that the grounds raised by the Husband in H.M.O.P.No.607 of 2006 were with regard to the age of the Appellant/Wife as if she is 5 years older than him, which is considered inauspicious. If that had been true, he should have filed petition for divorce when he was in service in Border Security Force. Having completed his period of contract with the Border Security Force on attaining the age of superannuation and after obtaining the benefit of pension, only with false averments, he had filed the petition for divorce. The learned Judge, Family Court, Coimbatore had not at all considered the evidence let in by the Wife as Respondent in the Petition filed by her Husband in H.M.O.P.No.607 of 2006 and the evidence of the Wife as Petitioner in the Petition filed by her in H.M.O.P.No.526 of 2007 seeking restitution of conjugal rights. Ignoring the plight of the Wife and the minor children, the learned Judge, Family Court, Coimbatore, had without any basis granted the decree of divorce on the ground of cruelty against the Wife and in favour of the Husband which is perverse and is to be set aside.
2.2. The Appellant/Wife invited the attention of this Court to the date of birth of the Appellant/Wife. As per the claim of the Respondent/Husband filed by him as Petitioner in H.M.O.P.No.607 of 2006 wherein the Headmaster of the School where the Appellant//Wife had studied till her School final, was cross-examined by the Appellant/Wife before the Family Court. In the cross-examination, the Headmaster as P.W-2 had accepted that he had not seen the person/student by name Sumathy.
2.3. It is her contention that the relying on the evidence of the said official witness, the learned Judge had arrived at a conclusion that the Wife had committed forgery regarding her date of birth in the school certificate. Based on which, the Respondent/Husband had produced a certificate before his Higher Authority in Border Security Force to get employment for his Wife as a Teacher in the Border Security Force School where the Respondent/Husband had served. Based on which, the allegation by the Respondent/Husband against the Wife that she committed forgery had been accepted by the Court and granted a decree of divorce.
2.4. It is her contention that within the same compound, there were two persons by same name i.e., Mani Assary (Carpenter) whereas the father of the Appellant/Wife was Mani Achari (Goldsmith). The two families had children by the same name. Therefore, it is her contention that the Respondent/Husband of the Appellant viz., Venugopal had obtained the certificate regarding Sumathy D/o. Mani Assary (Carpenter) and not Sumathy, D/o. Mani Achari (Goldsmith) which was produced as document before the Court, based on which, the learned Judge had granted the decree of divorce.
The main legal point established in the judgment is the irretrievable breakdown of marriage due to mental cruelty, leading to the restoration of the divorce decree.
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Fraudulent misrepresentation regarding educational qualifications did not warrant divorce as evidence was insufficient to prove claims of cruelty or desertion.
Concealment of pregnancy prior to marriage and subsequent behavior amounting to cruelty justified the grant of divorce under Section 13(1)(i-a) and 13(1)(i-b) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955.
The judgment establishes the importance of evaluating mental cruelty in matrimonial matters based on the specific facts and circumstances of each case, emphasizing the emotional and practical impact ....
(1) Divorce – Temperamental differences between spouses could be resolved over time and should not be used as grounds for divorce.(2) Initiation of D.V. case and M.C case should not be held as cruelt....
The main legal point established in the judgment is the application of Section 13(1) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, and the court's consideration of irretrievable breakdown of marriage and mental c....
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The court's decision to grant judicial separation was based on vague and general allegations of cruelty, which were not substantiated. The court erred in granting judicial separation without proper e....
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