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2024 Supreme(Mad) 1038

BEFORE THE MADURAI BENCH OF MADRAS HIGH COURT
THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE A.D. JAGADISH CHANDIRA, THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE K. RAJASEKAR, JJ.
M. Balamurugan - Appellant
Versus
State through the Inspector of Police, All Women Police Station, Tuticorin - Respondent
Crl.A.(MD) No.184 of 2020
Decided On : 18-04-2024

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant : Mr. KA. Ramakrishnan.
For the Respondent: Mr. R. Meenakshi Sundaram Additional Public Prosecutor.

IMPORTANT POINT
Consent obtained under threat or misconception is not valid; the prosecution must prove the absence of consent beyond reasonable doubt in cases of alleged rape.

Headnote:

CRIMINAL LAW - RAPE AND CONSENT - IPC SECTIONS 375, 376(2)(l), 506(i); EVIDENCE ACT SECTION 90, 114A; CRPC SECTIONS 374(2), 428 - The court discussed the legal definitions of consent and rape under IPC, particularly focusing on Sections 375 and 376(2)(l). It emphasized that consent obtained under fear or misconception is not valid, referencing Section 90 of IPC. The court also highlighted the presumption of absence of consent under Section 114A of the Evidence Act. The interpretations of these provisions influenced the court's decision to acquit the appellant, as it found that the prosecution failed to prove the absence of consent beyond reasonable doubt.

Fact of the Case:

The appellant was accused of raping a 26-year-old deaf and dumb girl, who was a close relative. The prosecution claimed that the accused had committed rape on multiple occasions under threat, leading to the victim's pregnancy. The father of the victim filed a complaint after discovering her condition. The trial court convicted the appellant based on the evidence presented.

Finding of the Court:

The court found that the evidence did not support the prosecution's claim of rape. It noted that the victim had not reported the incidents until after her pregnancy was discovered and that her silence indicated consent. The court concluded that the trial court had erred in its judgment by not properly appreciating the evidence.

Issues: Whether the victim's consent was obtained under threat or misconception, and whether the prosecution proved the charges of rape and criminal intimidation beyond reasonable doubt.

Ratio Decidendi: The court reiterated that consent must be voluntary and not obtained through fear or misconception. It emphasized the need for the prosecution to prove the absence of consent, and that the circumstances surrounding the case indicated that the victim had consented to the sexual relationship.

Final Decision: The appeal was allowed, the conviction and sentence imposed on the appellant were set aside, and he was acquitted of all charges.

JUDGMENT :

A.D. Jagadish Chandira, J.

[PRAYER: Appeal filed under Section 374(2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure against the Judgment dated 15.11.2019, in S.C.No.324 of 2016, on the file of the Fast Track Mahila Court, Thoothukudi.]

This criminal appeal is filed against the judgment and order dated 15.11.2019, in S.C.No.324 of 2016, on the file of the Fast Track Mahila Court, Thoothukudi.

2. The Trial Court framed two charges against the appellant, as detailed below :

Charge

Penal Provisions

1.

376(2)(l) I.P.C.

2.

506(i) I.P.C.

3. By judgment and order dated 15.11.2019, the Trial Court convicted the appellant and sentenced him, as detailed below:-

Section of Law

Sentence of imprisonment

Fine amount

376(2)(l) I.P.C.

To undergo imprisonment for life

Rs.5000/- in default to undergo rigorous imprisonment for six (6) months.

506(i) I.P.C.

To undergo two (2) years rigorous imprisonment.

Nil

The sentences shall run concurrently.

The period of sentence already undergone was directed to be set off under Section 428 of the Code of Criminal Procedure.

4. The prosecution case is as under:

4.1. The prosecutrix / P.W.1, a deaf and dumb girl aged about 26 years and the accused are close relatives known to each other and residents of Chottainthoppu, Thoothukudi District. Karuppasamy / de facto complainant (P.W.2) is the father of P.W1. In such circumstances, during the year 2015, two months prior to Deepavali Festival, on a day at 11.30 a.m., the victim girl (P.W.1), as usual, had gone to fetch water from a common well situated near the house of the accused. At that time, the accused dragged the victim girl (P.W.1) by holding her hand and took her into his house and after disrobing her groped her breasts, kissed her and thereafter had committed rape on her. Even thereafter, 2-3 times, the accused had committed rape on her and had on the threat of harming her and her family members, asked her not to disclose the same to anyone.

4.2. Later, on 11.11.2015, the victim girl (P.W.1) had vomited and fainted and she was taken to a hospital and she was found to be pregnant. When her father Karuppasamy (P.W.2) had beaten her and enquired, she had, by gestures informed him that the accused, who is a close relative, had disrobed her and raped her and that he is responsible for the pregnancy. P.W.2, thereafter, had preferred a complaint (Ex.P2) before Jeyanthi (P.W.12), Sub Inspector of Police.

4.3. Based on the complaint, PW12 had registered a First Information Report (Ex.P13) in Crime No.53 of 2015, under Sections 376(2)(l) and 506(i) I.P.C., and forwarded the same to the Judicial Magistrate Court No.I, Thoothukudi as well as to her higher officials and thereafter, she had handed over the case files to Prema (P.W.13), Inspector of Police(In-charge), for investigation.

4.4. Prema (P.W.13) had examined Karuppasamy (P.W.2) and Kalyani (P.W.3), the parents of the victim girl (P.W.1) and gone to the place of occurrence on 14.11.2015 at 17.00 hours and prepared Observation Mahazar (Ex.P6) and Rough Sketch (Ex.P14) in the presence of the witnesses Jeyalani (P.W.5) and Thangamariappan (not examined) and since, the victim girl (P.W.1) was a deaf and dumb girl, she had enquired her through Suba (P.W.4), a Specially Trained Teacher and recorded the statement of the victim girl (P.W.1). On 14.11.2015, after obtaining orders from the Court under EX P11, she had sent the victim for Medical Examination through Tmt.Ajitha (P.W.10) through Memo Ex.P10 to Dr. Rajakumari (P.W.9.) PW9, after examining the victim, collected the vaginal smear of the victim and handed over the same to PW10 and issued Accident Register Ex.P9. On the same day, P.W.13 had arrested the accused at 18.00 hours and thereupon the accused had given a confession statement (Ex.P15) in the presence of the witnesses, namely, Karthik (P.W.6) an

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