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IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
S.M.SUBRAMANIAM, V.SIVAGNANAM, JJ.
Ravichandran – Appellant
Versus
State of Tamil Nadu - Respondent
H.C.P.No.1786 of 2024
Decided on : 21-08-2024
HABEAS CORPUS - PREVENTIVE DETENTION - The court quashed the preventive detention order against the detenue, emphasizing that the detaining authority's apprehension of a breach of public order lacked a close nexus to the facts of the case. The court highlighted that the reliance on a past case from 2020 to justify the detention was insufficient and constituted legal malice, as the time lapse and lack of a direct connection to current circumstances rendered the detention order invalid.
Fact of the Case:
The petitioner sought a writ of habeas corpus to challenge the detention order against his son, Sathiyanathan, who was detained under preventive detention laws based on a case registered in 2022 and a subsequent case in 2024. The detaining authority cited the absence of a bail application as a reason for the detention.
Finding of the Court:
The court found that the detaining authority's reasoning was flawed, as the comparison to a previous case from 2020 was too remote to justify the detention. The court concluded that there was no sufficient basis to establish a likelihood of causing a breach of public order.
Issues: Whether the preventive detention order was justified based on the detaining authority's apprehensions and the relevance of past cases to the current situation.
Ratio Decidendi: The court held that preventive detention must be based on a clear and proximate connection to the likelihood of public disorder, and that reliance on distant past cases without a direct link to current circumstances constitutes an abuse of preventive detention laws.
Result: The court quashed the detention order and ordered the immediate release of the detenue, Sathiyanathan, unless he was required in connection with another case.
ORDER :
S.M.SUBRAMANIAM, J.
PRAYER: Petition filed under Article 226 of the Constitution of India to issue a Writ of Habeas Corpus, to call for the records pertaining to the order of detention passed by the 2nd respondent in C.O.C.No.18/2024 dated 14.05.2024 against the petitioner's son the detenue Sathiyanathan aged 20 years son of Ravichandran now confined in Central Prison, Thiruchirappalli and set aside the same and direct the respondents to produce the detenue before this Court and set him at liberty.
The preventive detention order passed by the second respondent dated 14.05.2024 is sought to be quashed in the present habeas corpus petition.
2. The adverse case relied on by the detaining Authority has been registered by Mayiladuthurai Police Station in Crime No.846 of 2022 under Sections 147, 148, 294(b), 353, 307 of IPC and 120(B), 115 of IPC r/w 25(1)(b) of Arms Act, 1959 & Section 3 & 5 of Explosive Substances Act, 1908.
3. The date of occurrence of the ground case was on 13.11.2022. The detention order has been passed in proceedings dated 14.05.2024, after a lapse of about one year from the date of registration of adverse case. The ground case was registered in Crime No.161/2024 by Mayiladuthurai Police Station.
4. The detaining Authority states that the detenue had not filed any bail application for the ground case registered against him. However a similar case in Crime No.1278/2020, bail was granted by the District & Sessions Judge, Nagapattinam in Crl.MP.No.3089/2020. The comparison made by the Detaining Authority about the similar case of the year 2020 would be insufficient to form an opinion that there is a likelihood of causing breach of public order at this length of time.
5. The adverse case was registered in the year 2022 and the ground case was registered in the year 2024 and the similar case, which was registered in Crime No.1278 of 2020 is taken into consideration for the purpose of forming an opinion that there is a likelihood of grant of bail. Such an analyses or apprehension made by the Detaining Authority has got remote applicability and the preventive detention laws cannot be exercised based on such remote chances or apprehension. The apprehension in the mind of the detaining Authority must have close proximity with the likelihood of causing breach of public order and failing which, the very purpose and objects of preventive detention laws are either abused or incorrectly applied.
6. In such circumstances, the Courts have to draw an inference that there is a legal malice on the part of the detaining Authority for invoking Act 14 of 1982. The nature of the cases and its relevance with reference to breach of public order has not been established and nexus between these relied cases and the grounds are live link for involing Act 14 of 1982, which is missing in the present case.
7. Hence, for the aforesaid reason, the detention order passed by the second respondent in proceedings C.O.C.No.18/2024 dated 14.05.2024 is quashed and the Habeas Corpus Petition is allowed. The detenue viz., Sathiyanathan aged 20 years son of Ravichandran now confined at Central Prison, Thiruchirappalli is directed to be set at liberty forthwith, unless he is required in connection with any other case.
Preventive detention must be justified by a clear and immediate threat to public order, and reliance on remote past cases is insufficient to uphold such detention.
Preventive detention must be based on a clear and proximate threat to public order, and reliance on outdated or irrelevant cases is insufficient to justify such detention.
Preventive detention must be justified by a direct and proximate connection to the likelihood of a breach of public order; reliance on remote past cases is insufficient.
Preventive detention requires a clear and justifiable connection between the individual's actions and a threat to public order, beyond merely having a criminal case registered against them.
Preventive detention requires a clear nexus between the grounds for detention and the likelihood of future offenses, not mere assumptions.
Preventive detention orders must demonstrate a clear nexus and proximity to adverse cases to justify the detention; lack of such connection can lead to quashing of the order.
Preventive detention cannot be justified solely on the basis of registered criminal cases; there must be a clear and present danger to public order.
Preventive detention requires a clear nexus and proximity between adverse cases and the likelihood of public disorder; lack of such connection can lead to quashing of the detention order.
Preventive detention under the Tamil Nadu Act 14 of 1982 requires the detaining authority to demonstrate subjective satisfaction regarding the necessity of detention to maintain public order, and pro....
Inordinate delays in detention orders can invalidate them if they sever the link between the grounds for detention and the purpose of detention.
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