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2025 Supreme(Mad) 2889

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
M. DHANDAPANI, J.
S.D. Srinivasan, S/o. S.R. Desigan - Petitioner
Versus
The General Manager, Vijaya Bank, Bangalore - Respondent
W.P. No.29208 of 2017
Decided On : 08-04-2025


Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioner: Mr. L. Chandrakumar, for Mr. M. Guruprasad.
For the Respondent: Mr. S. Sandesh Saravanan, for M/s. I. Rollence Samuel Raman & Associates.

Judicial review in disciplinary matters is limited to assessing procedural fairness, and courts will not re-evaluate evidence unless findings are arbitrary or unsupported.

Headnote:(A) Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 - Sections 2(k), 10, and 11 - Disciplinary proceedings - Dismissal of employee for unauthorized withdrawals from customer accounts upheld by Tribunal - Courts do not reappreciate evidence in matters of disciplinary actions - Preponderance of probabilities standard applies, not beyond reasonable doubt. (Paras 4, 10-11, 14-21)

(B) Judicial Review - Jurisdiction limited to procedural fairness and evidence sufficiency - Unless proven arbitrary, courts refrain from altering punishments decided by employers. (Paras 20-30)

Facts of the case:
A workman employed for 23 years at a banking institution faced disciplinary action for allegedly unauthorizedly debiting accounts, leading to his dismissal upheld by the Tribunal. (Paras 2-3)

Findings of Court:
The Tribunal found that the dismissal was warranted based on existing evidence and upheld the punishment as proportionate despite claims of mitigating circumstances. (Paras 10, 32-34)

Issues: The propriety and fairness of the disciplinary proceedings, and the proportionality of the punishment imposed on the workman. (Para 5)

Ratio Decidendi: The inquiry was conducted properly under the guidelines where the employee was proven to have committed misconduct that warranted dismissal; employee’s claim of disproportionate punishment was rejected as the misconduct affected public trust in banking. (Paras 26, 33)

Result: Writ petition dismissed.

Table of Content
1. factual background of disciplinary action. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. arguments on the legality and evidence of dismissal. (Para 5 , 6 , 7)
3. respondent's counsel's arguments on evidentiary standards. (Para 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12)
4. court's review principles regarding disciplinary authority. (Para 13 , 19 , 20)
5. judicial review principles in disciplinary proceedings. (Para 14 , 15 , 17)
6. evidence review and conclusions on the gravity of misconduct. (Para 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25)
7. proportionality of punishment in employment context. (Para 26)
8. proportionality of punishment in misconduct cases. (Para 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33)
9. conclusion confirming dismissal order. (Para 34)

ORDER :

Aggrieved by the order dated 06.05.2014 passed by the Central Government Industrial Tribunal cum Labour Court, Chennai in I.D. No.41/2010, confirming the punishment of removal from service along with superannuation benefits imposed on the workman, the present writ petition has been filed on behalf of the workman by the Regional Secretary to the Workers Organisation.

2. One Natarajan was appointed as clerical staff in the respondent bank for over a period of 23 years. While working as single window operator at the Dr.Nanjappa Road Branch, Coimbatore during the period from 29.06.2005 to 16.7.2005, disciplinary proceedings were initiated against the said workman on the allegation that he had unauthorisedly debited two account numbers on five occasions to the tune of Rs.45,000/- and Rs.29,000/- respectively. Upon issuance of show cause notice, the workman submitted his explanation dated 18.3.2006 by submitting that the debits were made only along with the necessary supporting instruments. However, not being satisfied with the explanation, enquiry was initiated by appointment of enquiry officer. The workman objected to the appointment of enquiry officer submitting that the enquiry officer so appointed was involved in the decision making process during the initiation of the disciplinary proceedings against him. However, without considering the same, the enquiry officer proceeded with the enquiry and concluded the disciplinary proceedings in a biased manner and submitted his report holding the workman guilty. The workman was issued with a second notice along with the enquiry report to which explanation was submitted by the workman. However, not being satisfied with the explanation offered, the workman was imposed with punishment of removal from service with superannuation benefits.

3. Aggrieved by the imposition of punishment, the workman raised an industrial dispute to which the respondent filed a reply. As the conciliation proceedings did not turn out successful, report was filed by the authority, whereupon, the industrial dispute was referred to the Tribunal in I.D.No.41/2010.

4. Upon reference of the dispute, the Tribunal took up the reference and on behalf of the workman and the workman examined himself as W.W.2 in addition to the petitioner herein being examined as W.W.1 and marked Exs.W-1 to W-25. On behalf of the bank, while no witnesses were examined, however, Exs.M-1 to M-44 were marked. On the basis of the oral and documentary evidence, the Tribunal concurred with the findings arrived at by the enquiry officer and also upheld the punishment of removal of the petitioner from service along with superannuation benefits by holding that the leniency clearly reveals that there is no disproportionality in the punishment and dismissed the dispute. Aggrieved by the dismissal, the workman has preferred the present writ petition.

5. Learned counsel appearing for the petitioner submits that the order passed by the Tribunal is illegal, perverse and against the probabilities and weight of evidence and that the said award is contrary to the documentary and oral evidence available on record.

6. It is the further submission of the learned counsel that the withdrawal cheque leaves produced by the workman had not been properly taken into consideration

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