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2025 Supreme(Mad) 2762

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
M. DHANDAPANI, J.
T.C. Sekar - Appellant
Versus
Air India Rep. by its Manager - Respondent
W.P. No. 26586 of 2010
Decided On : 17-04-2025


Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellants : C.K. Chandrasekar, A. Gopinath
For the Respondent: N.G.R. Prasad

Judicial review of disciplinary actions is limited to examining procedural fairness, not re-evaluating evidence; proportionality of punishment must be considered within the context of the employee's service record and nature of the misconduct.

Headnote:(A) Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 - Section 10 - Dismissal from service - The petitioner's dismissal from service was upheld by the Tribunal despite claims of procedural shortcomings and disproportionality of punishment - The High Court is bound by the findings of the inquiry unless procedural improprieties affect its outcomes. (Paras 1, 6, 24)

(B) Judicial Review - The scope of judicial review in disciplinary matters is limited to checking if the inquiry was conducted fairly and not to reassess evidentiary conclusions - The ruling emphasizes that conclusions of the disciplinary authority should be based on substantial evidence and follow prescribed procedures. (Paras 15, 20, 22)

Facts of the case:
The petitioner, having served as a Security Guard for 20 years, was dismissed following an inquiry into allegations of negligence that allowed contraband to be cleared. The Tribunal upheld the dismissal despite the petitioner claiming a lack of evidence and discrimination. (Paras 2, 4, 29)

Findings of Court:
The inquiry was held to have sufficient circumstantial evidence to support the petitioner's guilt, rejecting the claims of procedural irregularities or discrimination. The punishment of compulsory retirement was deemed justified given the nature of the offense. (Paras 27, 36)

Issues: The main issues revolved around whether the inquiry was conducted fairly, if natural justice was upheld, and the proportionality of the punishment imposed. (Paras 26, 29)

Ratio Decidendi: The court reiterated the principle that the High Court, in its judicial review capacity, cannot interfere with disciplinary findings unless there is a gross injustice or lack of fair process; the weight of circumstantial evidence was acknowledged as satisfactory for upholding the dismissal. (Paras 15, 37)

Result: Writ petition dismissed, confirming the Tribunal's order sustaining the dismissal.

Table of Content
1. background information on the dismissal case. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5)
2. validity of dismissal upheld by the tribunal. (Para 6)
3. petitioner argues against dismissal based on contradictions. (Para 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12)
4. court reviews nature of judicial review in disciplinary cases. (Para 13 , 14 , 15)
5. court discusses standards for judicial review and interference. (Para 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20)
6. clarifies limits on court's role in evidentiary matters. (Para 21 , 22 , 23 , 24)
7. court affirms findings based on circumstantial evidence. (Para 25 , 26 , 27 , 28)
8. court evaluates proportionality of punishment. (Para 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37)
9. conclusion: petition dismissed with confirmed order. (Para 38 , 39)

ORDER :

1. Aggrieved by the award of the 2nd respondent in ID No.22/2008 in and by which the order of dismissal of the petitioner from the services of the 1st respondent was upheld, the present petition is directed against the said award.

2. The petitioner joined the services of the 1st respondent as Security Guard on 11.5.1983 and was thereafter awarded promotions and during the year 1999, the petitioner was functioning as Assistant Officer (Security). According to the petitioner, he has put in an unblemished service of 20 years. While so, on 12.12.2001, a show cause was issued making certain allegations against him in terms of the Certified Standing Orders. Upon receipt of explanation and not being satisfied, enquiry was ordered and in the enquiry, the enquiry found him guilty of the charges. After providing a copy of the report, explanation was sought for, which was submitted and not being satisfied with the explanation, the Disciplinary Authority imposed the punishment of dismissal from service vide final order on 25.3.2003.

3. An approval petition was filed before the National Industrial Tribunal on 25.3.2003 due to certain disputes relating to service conditions of Airline employees and the approval petition was pending for three years and, thereafter, on the basis of the judgment of the High Court of Bombay dated 17.4.2007, the approval petition was disposed of in terms of the said order while granting liberty to the petitioner to raise an industrial dispute u/s 10 of the Industrial Disputes Act. On the basis of the liberty granted, the petitioner raised an industrial dispute, which fell for adjudication before the Tribunal.

4. The allegations levelled by the 1st respondent in the enquiry was that on the date in question, a passenger bound for flight, SQ-409, was apprehended by the Intelligence Unit of the Customs for carrying contraband goods in the form of 440 Star Tortoises. Since the petitioner was also on duty along with others, a memo dated 16.7.2001 was issued on suspicion that the said baggage was cleared by the petitioner. Inspite of denial of the petitioner, enquiry was conducted leading to the filing of the report and the subsequent dismissal of the petitioner.

5. The approval petition filed was finally disposed of granting liberty to the petitioner to file an industrial dispute whereupon, the petitioner raised the industrial dispute, which was referred to the 1st respondent.

6. Before the Tribunal, while no ocular witnesses were examined on either side, on the side of the petitioner, Exs.W-1 to W-54 were marked and on the side of the 1st respondent herein, Exs.M-1 to M-34 were marked. The Tribunal, on the basis of the documentary evidence and the law relating to interference of the judicial forum in cases pertaining to disciplinary proceedings, dismissed the dispute holding that no interference is warranted with the punishment imposed on the delinquent/petitioner. Aggrieved by the same, the present writ petition has been preferred by the petitioner.

7. Learned counsel appearing for the petitioner submitted that the whole sequence of events leading to the seizure of the contraband bristles with very many contradictions and discrepancies and the presence of the delinquent

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