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2023 Supreme(Online)(Mad) 87389

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
S.S. SUNDAR, C. KUMARAPPAN, JJ.
Shahida Begum – Appellant
Versus
Ramiza – Respondent
O.S.A. No. 247 of 2017, C.M.P. No. 11011 of 2019
Decided On : 15-06-2023

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant : S. Sudarshan
For the Respondents: S. Parthasarathy, A. Govindasamy

The court emphasized that for claims of undue influence, specific evidence must be provided, and familial relationships alone do not presume such influence, affirming the validity of the executed Settlement Deeds.

Headnote:(A) Mohammadan Law - Legal presumptions concerning gifts and undue influence - Relevant provisions include Section 16 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 regarding undue influence - The Settlement Deeds executed by the father were valid and binding on the appellant, confirming the lawful distribution of property, free from claims of undue influence or bad faith. (Paras 14-19, 30)

(B) The principles regarding the burden of proof in cases of undue influence dictate that it rests on the party alleging such influence - A strong presumption of undue influence cannot arise in familial relationships where the parent retains authority. (Paras 13-16)

(C) The necessity for specific pleadings when alleging undue influence was emphasized, underscoring that general allegations are insufficient. (Paras 20-22)

Facts of the case:
The appeal concerns a partition and possession claim by the appellant against her familial defendants, alleging undue influence in a family settlement deed executed by her father, who died intestate, affecting inheritance. The family settlement deed dated 18.05.2005 was contested as not binding. (Paras 2-6)

Findings of Court:
The learned Single Judge ruled in favor of the defendants, finding the settlement deed valid, with the appellant entitled only to a small share of one property. (Paras 9-30)

Issues: Determined the validity of the Settlement Deeds, the accusation of undue influence, and the appellant's entitlement under Islamic succession laws. (Paras 7, 13)

Ratio Decidendi: Upholding the validity of the Settlement Deeds, the court found no evidence of undue influence, confirming that general claims of familial dominance are insufficient to establish such claims without specific evidence. (Paras 19-30)

Result: Appeal dismissed, upholding the lower court's decree and confirming the validity of the defendants' settlement deed.

Table of Content
1. appellant seeks partition and to declare family settlement void. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4)
2. plaintiff claims co-ownership; defendants rebut with familial wills and settlement. (Para 5 , 6)
3. court frames issues to determine ownership interests. (Para 7 , 9)
4. discussion of undue influence and evidentiary burdens. (Para 10 , 11 , 12)
5. undue influence must be evidenced; burden on the plaintiff. (Para 13 , 14 , 15)
6. court finds father competent and not subject to undue influence. (Para 16 , 18)
7. court affirms earlier findings based on evidentiary support for settlement validity. (Para 19 , 20 , 21)
8. requirements of gifts and the nature of evidence required discussed. (Para 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26)
9. court determines validity of settlement based on evidence and submissions. (Para 27 , 28 , 29)
10. appeal dismissed; no merit found in the arguments presented. (Para 30)

JUDGMENT :

S.S. SUNDAR, J.

1. Plaintiff in the suit in C.S.No.228 of 2013 on the file of this Court, is the appellant in the above Original Side Appeal.

2. The appellant as plaintiff filed the suit in C.S.No.228 of 2013 before this Court for partition and separate possession of 7/72 share in all the suit properties and for consequential reliefs. The suit is also to declare the family settlement deed, dated 18.05.2005, bearing Document No.1854 of 2005 on the file of Sub-Registrar, Anna Nagar, Chennai, as null, void, illegal and not binding on the plaintiff.

3. The suit properties consist of two items. The first item is a vacant land along with building to an extent of One Ground and 1270 sq.ft., situated in Koyambedu Village, Saidapet Taluk, Chenglpet District. The second item is also a plot in a sanctioned layout measuring an extent of 2 Grounds and 893 sq.ft. and an additional land measuring 1010 sq.ft. in Koyambedu Village, Saidapet Taluk, Chengalpet District.

4. It is the case of appellant/plaintiff in the plaint that the suit first item was purchased by her father Late Sri M.A.Sheriff under a registered sale deed dated 06.02.1974 and the second item was purchased by him under a registered sale deed dated 18.08.1978. It is the appellant's further case that her father Late Sri M.A.Sheriff died on 10.07.2010 intestate, leaving behind plaintiff and defendants as his legal heirs. The 1st defendant in the suit is the appellant's mother and defendants 2 to 5 in the suit are appellant's brothers.

5. It is contended by the plaintiff that she is a co-owner of the suit properties along with defendants 1 to 5 and that, as per the Mohammedan Law of Succession, the plaintiff has 7/72 share in all the suit properties. It is the case of appellant that defendants 2 to 5 were keeping her father with them and that her father was dependent on the defendants 2 to 5 as he was not keeping good health both physically and mentally because of his old age and several other ailments. In the plaint, it is stated that defendants 2 to 5 had full control over her father Late Sri M.A.Sheriff and her mother 1st defendant, and by taking undue advantage of such a position, defendants 2 to 5 were interfering in all the decisions of Late Sri M.A.Sheriff and unduly influencing his mind to their advantage. Stating that defendants 1 to 5 were in fiduciary relationship with Late Sri M.A.Sheriff, it is contended by the appellant/plaintiff that defendants have influenced Late Sri M.A.Sheriff and brought about a deed of family settlement dated 18.05.2005. It is contended that the deed of family settlement is not a true and lawful document and it is void and not binding on the plaintiff nor affects her legitimate share over the suit properties. If the document as such is allowed to exist, it would be impossible for the plaintiff to enjoy her share in the suit properties and therefore, it is stated by the appellant that the settlement deed should be declared as null and void.

6. The suit was resisted by defendants including the mother. The purchase of suit properties by father is admitted. It is state

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