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2025 Supreme(Mad) 5509

THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
P.B.BALAJI, J.
Dhanraj N.Kochar - Petitioner
Versus 
Hemant Raj – Respondent 
CRP.Nos.867 & 752 of 2025 & CMP.Nos.5114 & 4292 of 2025
Decided On : 29-08-2025

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Petitioner: Mr.Nithyesh Nataraj, Mr.Anirudh A.Sriram
For the Respondents: Mr.D.Saikumaran, Mr.S.Ramesh

A plaintiff cannot be compelled to add parties against their will unless required by law; acceptance of costs indicates acceptance of the court's order.

Headnote:(A) Article 227 of Constitution of India - Civil Revision Petition - Challenging orders of the Trial Court in interlocutory applications regarding impleadment of parties. (Paras 1-27)

(B) Maintainability - Acceptance of costs and compliance with court orders as factors affecting the right to appeal. The court ruled that receiving costs implies acceptance of the order challenged. (Paras 16-22)

(C) Dominus litis - The court reaffirmed that a plaintiff cannot be compelled to add parties against their will unless necessitated by law, distinguishing between suits for specific performance and suits for declaration and injunction where impleadment is warranted. (Paras 26-27)

Facts of the case:
The petitioner challenged the Trial Court’s orders allowing third-party defendants' impleadment in two suits concerning property disputes, asserting rights over an unregistered sale agreement that was contested by multiple parties.

Findings of Court:
The petitions were not maintainable as the petitioner had accepted the previous court's findings by receiving costs and effecting amendments to the plaint.

Issues: The main issue involved whether the petitioner could challenge the order after receiving costs and the necessity of impleading parties in light of existing disputes.

Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasized that acceptance of costs generally precludes challenges to the order passed by the Trial Court. Without clear grounds for contestation, the order permitting impleadment of additional parties stays affirmed.

Result: Civil Revision Petitions are dismissed.

Table of Content
1. overview and structure of the court's approach to the revision petitions. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. details of the claims made by the revision petitioner and procedural developments. (Para 4 , 5 , 6 , 8)
3. response by the respondents challenging the maintainability of the petition. (Para 10 , 11)
4. discussion on maintainability based on costs acceptance. (Para 16 , 17 , 20)
5. court's ruling on the petitioner’s position as dominus litis and the impact on impleadment. (Para 22 , 26 , 27)
6. final order and closure of the civil revision petitions. (Para 28)

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COMMON ORDER

CRP.No.867 of 2025 has been filed challenging the order in I.A.No.4 of 2024 in O.S.No.5418 of 1996 on the file of the XI Assistant City Civil Court, Chennai.

2.CRP.No.752 of 2025 has been filed to set aside the order dated 10.01.2025 in I.A.No.2 of 2024 in O.S.No.4678 of 1997 on the file of the XI Assistant City Civil Court, Chennai.

3.I have heard Mr.Nithyesh Nataraj, learned counsel for Mr.Anirudh A.Sriram, learned counsel for the petitioner and Mr.D.Saikumaran, learned counsel for respondent 1 and 2, Mr.S.Ramesh, learned counsel for the 4th respondent in both revisions.

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4.Mr.Nithyesh Nataraj, learned counsel for the petitioner would submit that O.S.No.4678 of 1997 has been filed by the revision petitioner seeking the relief of declaration that the Sale Deed dated 28.09.1988 is not legally enforceable and binding on the plaintiff, non-est and void ab initio and for permanent injunction to restrain the defendants from encumbering the suit property. In the said suit, I.A.No.2 of 2024 has been taken out by third parties, seeking to implead themselves as defendants 9 and 10. The said application was resisted by the revision petitioner. However, the Trial Court, by order dated 10.01.2025, has allowed the application, as against which, the revision in CRP.No.752 of 2025 has been filed.

5.Insofar as CRP.No.867 of 2025, in O.S.No.5418 of 1996 filed by the revision petitioner herein for direction to the defendants to execute a registered Sale Deed and to deliver possession, an interlocutory application in I.A.No.4 of 2024 has been filed again by the very same proposed defendants seeking to implead themselves as defendants 9 and 10 in the said suit as well. The said application also came to be allowed by the Trial Court, as against which the petitioner/plaintiff has filed CRP.No.867 of 2025.

6.Mr.Nithyesh Nataraj, learned counsel for the petitioner would submit that the 1st respondent was the owner of the property to an extent of around 10 grounds in Aminjikarai, Chennai and there was a dispute between the 1st respondent and the 4th respondent, resulting in proceedings being initiated and in the said suit, on 02.12.1986, a compromise was entered into, in and by which, the 1st respondent agreed to sell the property of extent 10 grounds to the 4th respondent. The 4th respondent did not have sufficient funds to pay the sale consideration and hence, he approached the revision petitioner and it was agreed that the property would be purchased by both the 4th respondent and the revision petitioner. The learned counsel for the petitioner would further submit that the document was also executed and presented for registration, but however, the Sub-Registrar, noting discrepancy in the survey number, refused to register the document and the document was kept pending.

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7.It is the further case of the learned counsel for the revision petitioner that though the revision petitioner had taken effective steps to correct the survey number, the respondent refused to come forward to execute the sale deed, which resulted in filing of O.S.No.5418 of 1996. In the meantime, the 1st respondent has sold the property to 5th respondent, as a result of which, O.S.No.4698 of 1997 has been filed to declare the sale deed executed in favour of the 5th respondent, as null and void and for the consequential relief of permanent injunction. He would further state that the 1st respondent has claimed under

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