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2026 Supreme(Ori) 444

IN THE HIGH COURT OF ORISSA AT CUTTACK
SAVITRI RATHO, J.
Simadri Nayak – Appellant 
Versus 
State of Odisha (Vigilance) – Respondent 
I.A. No. 609 of 2026, (Arising out of CRLA No. 233 of 2026)
Decided On : 23-03-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant :Mr. Susanta Kumar Dash, Senior Advocate with Mr. S. Priyadarsan, Advocate
For the Respondent: Mr. Srimanta Das, Senior Standing Counsel (for Vigilance)

The court emphasized that the operation of the confiscation order can be stayed if the accused provide bank guarantees for the assessed value of properties, balancing statutory intent with personal circumstances.

Headnote:(A) Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 - Section 13(2) read with Section 13(1)(e) - Orissa Special Courts Act, 2006 - Section 15(3) - Appeal challenging confiscation order under Special Court Act - Properties valued at Rs.2,50,44,029/-, directed to be deposited within 30 days to avoid confiscation - Appellants argued that they lack the means to pay the assessed market value and sought a stay, highlighting potential irreparability in case of acquittal. - Court directed that operation of confiscation shall be stayed if bank guarantees totaling Rs.1,27,33,668/- are furnished for various assets. Findings noted regarding proportional asset acquisition during government service. (Paras 1, 3, 10, 12, 23, 32, 34)

(B) Proportional Assets - The assets confiscated were identified as proceeds of crime under P.C. Act. - The appellant was found to possess disproportionate assets during the check period from 30.04.1987 to 22.04.2009 indicating a clear correlation of wealth accumulation to public office. (Paras 10, 20, 32)

(C) Legal Principles - The higher obligation on the accused to provide bank guarantees asserts legislative intent to prevent misuse of ill-gotten properties pending the appeal’s outcome, indicating a protective measure within the legal framework against the enjoyment of corrupt gain. (Paras 20, 24, 32)

Facts of the case:
The appeal arises from a confiscation order imposing a significant monetary requirement on former government servants for properties allegedly acquired through corruption, with nuances relating to their income and living situation.

Findings of Court:
The court affirmed that the financial burden on appellants can be moderated through provided bank guarantees equivalent to assessed values of their assets while emphasizing legal protections available based on appeals' outcomes.

Issues: The main issue was to determine proportionality and fairness of confiscation amounts, alongside whether accommodation and living conditions of the appellants should be factored into the decision.

Ratio Decidendi: The ruling indicated that while the statutory requirement for immediate deposit of market value was evident, considerations regarding life circumstances and appellants’ non-enjoyment of properties pending appeal must be adequately weighed.

Result: Operation of the confiscation order stayed pending the appellants' provision of bank guarantees.

Table of Content
1. challenge to confiscation order. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. valuation of assets for confiscation. (Para 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9)
3. arguments for staying confiscation. (Para 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17)
4. respondent's stance on confiscation. (Para 18 , 19 , 20)
5. precedent and persuasive value. (Para 23)
6. conditions for staying confiscation. (Para 24 , 32)
7. assessment of financial conditions. (Para 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31)
8. conclusion and order of the court. (Para 34)

JUDGMENT :

Savitri Ratho, J.

The appeal has been filed challenging the judgment dated 17.02.2026 passed by the learned Authorised Officer, Special Court, Bhubaneswar in Confiscation Case No. 12 of 2015 fixing the valuation of the properties at Rs.2,50,44,029/- (Rupees two crore fifty lakh forty-four thousand twenty-nine) and directing the same to be confiscated to the Govt. of Odisha free from all encumbrances. It has also been directed that the Opposite Parties are at liberty to deposit the present market value of the properties within a period of 30 days from the date of service of copy of this order and on failure to deposit the said amount, the properties in Schedule “A” and “B” shall be confiscated to the State free from all encumbrances.

2. This interim application has been filed for staying operation of the impugned judgment dated 17.02.2026 passed by the learned Authorized Officer, Special Court, Bhubaneswar (in short “Authorised Officer”), in Confiscation Case No.12 of 2015 during pendency of the appeal.

3. The Appellants have been convicted for commission of offences under Section 13 (2) read with (1)(e) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (in short “P.C. Act”) and Section 109 of the Indian Penal Code (in short “ IPC ”) vide judgment dated 11.12.2023 passed in TR No 07/35 of 2014/2012, by the learned Special Judge, Special Court, Bhubaneswar and sentenced thereunder. They have challenged this judgment in Criminal Appeal No. 1409 of 2023 filed before this Court.

4. The check period in this case has been taken from 30.04.1987, i.e., the date of Appellant No.1 joining in State Govt. Service till 22.04.2009 i.e., date of his house search. Disproportionate assets acquired by him during the check period was found to be Rs.50, 85,958.23 p. This was calculated by adding his expenditure (Rs.27,21,694/-) to the value of assets (Rs.50,85,710/-) acquired by him during the check period and deducting his income from known sources. (Rs. 27,21,746/-) from that amount.

Valuation of assets which have been directed to be confiscated by the impugned judgment as per the chargesheet / judgment in TR No 7/35 of 2014/2012.

5. The total cost/ value of the two storeyed building and the land on which it is constructed in Rayagada had been valued at Rs.41,500/- + Rs.21,58, 413 /- = Rs.21,99,913/-.

The total cost of the two plots and the two buildings constructed on them in Nabarangpur had been valued to be Rs. 20,000+ Rs 2,500 + Rs 3,36,189- = Rs.3,58,689/-.

The total value of 32 gms of gold ornaments which has been given in the zima of the Appellants was assessed to be Rs.25,600/-.

The amount of cash seized and other deposits was found to be Rs.8,73,694/-.

Market Value of assets, directed to be confiscated, as per the impugned judgment in Confiscation Case no.12 of 2015

6. The market value of the land in Rayagada has been assessed to be Rs.59,75,000/ - and the market value of the double storeyed building standing in the plot has been assessed to be Rs.66,46,552/-. Total value Rs.1,26,22,552/-.

7. The market value of the two plots in Nabarangpur has been taken to be Rs 2,66,750 + Rs 26,675/- = 2,93,425/- and the market value of the two buildings standing thereon have been taken to be Rs.7,38,895/- + Rs.7,38,895/- = Rs.14,77,790/-. Total value Rs.17,71,215/-.

8. The market value of the gold has been assessed at Rs.4,54,400/-.

9. The market value of the cash and other deposits have been assessed to be Rs.87,36,940/- by the Authorized Officer.

SUBMISSIONS

APPELLANT

10. M

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