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2023 Supreme(P&H) 1464

IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AT CHANDIGARH
Arun Monga, J.
Vijay Aggarwal & Ors. – Appellants
Versus
Rajnish Gupta & Ors. – Respondents
CR No. 2405 of 2023
Decided On : 24-04-2023

Advocates appeared:
For the Parties : Mr. Akshay Kumar Jindal, Mr. Pardeep Singh Poonia, Mr. Pulkit Dhanda, Mr. Gaurav Dhingra

Headnote:(A) Specific Relief Act, 1963 - Section 41(h) - Injunction - Suit for mandatory injunction filed by co-sharer to restrain other co-sharers from interfering in possession and construction - Appeal set aside learned trial Court’s order, granting ad interim injunction without proof of exclusive possession by plaintiff - Co-owner cannot seek injunction against another co-owner without demonstrating detrimental interest. (Paras 18, 20, 23)

(B) Principles of Co-ownership - Rights of co-owners in possession of joint property - Mere raising of construction does not amount to ouster - Injunction only available if detrimental acts can be proven. (Paras 21, 23)

Facts of the case:
The plaintiff filed suit for injunction against co-sharers claiming exclusive possession over a joint property, which included a prayer forrestraining construction by defendants. The trial court dismissed the injunction request stating lack of exclusive possession evidence. The appellate court reversed this decision.

Findings of Court:
The appeal court order was overturned based on the rationale that co-owners cannot prevent each other from construction unless it is detrimental to others' interests. The plaintiff failed to establish detrimental impact; thus, no injunction could be imposed.

Issues: The court addressed whether a co-owner can seek injunctive relief against other co-owners given that there was no evidence of exclusive possession or detrimental acts.

Ratio Decidendi: The court ruled that an injunction cannot be granted against co-owners without proof of exclusive possession and that construction not leading to diminishment of value does not merit an injunction. The plaintiff had an alternative remedy through partition.

Result: Revision petition disposed of, learned trial Court’s order restored with specifications.

Table of Content
1. impugned order and suit details (Para 1 , 2)
2. arguments against and in favor of injunction (Para 3 , 4)
3. court's analysis and reasoning (Para 5 , 6 , 7)
4. modification of trial court's order regarding construction (Para 8)
5. order disposing of the revision petition (Para 9 , 10)

Judgment

Mr. Arun Monga, J.

Petition herein is for setting aside the impugned order dated 28.03.2023 (Annexure P-1) passed by learned Additional District Judge, Ambala whereby order dated 03.03.2023 (Annexure P-10) passed by learned Additional Civil Judge (Junior Division), Naraingarh, District Ambala was set aside and petitioners/defendants No.1 to 3were restrained from interfering or from raising construction over suit property alleged to be in possession of plaintiff/respondent No.1.

2. The revision petition is premised on the averments that plaintiff/respondent No.1 herein filed suit for mandatory injunction with the prayer that petitioners/defendants No.1 to 3 may be directed to remove encroachment/ construction raised by them over plot measuring 10 Marlas, being part of Khasra No.49//10 (8-0), situated in village Dera, H.B. No.190, Tehsil Narangarh, District Ambala. This portion was reflected as ABCD in the site plan. Further prayed to restrain defendants No.1 to 3/petitioners herein from interfering in peaceful possession of plaintiff.

2.1. Along with the suit, plaintiff had also filed an application under Order XXXIX Rules 1 and 2 read with Section 151 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (for short ‘CPC’) for grant of ad interim injunction restraining defendants No.1 to 3 from interfering in peaceful and lawful possession of plaintiff over land in question. Said application was dismissed by learned trial Court vide order dated 03.03.2023 (Annexure P-10).

2.2. Aggrieved, plaintiff/respondent No.1 herein filed an appeal against aforesaid order, which was allowed by learned First Appellate Court vide impugned order dated 28.03.2023 (Annexure P-1).

3. Learned counsel for petitioners would contend that no dimensions of land purchased by plaintiff has been mentioned in the sale deed dated 05.09.2005 to establish that plaintiff was delivered possession of some specific portion by his predecessor. Also contends that under the garb of injunction suit and ad interim application, plaintiff is trying to take possession of area under possession of petitioners/defendants No.1 to 3.

3.1. Further contends that parties are co-sharers in Khasra No.49//10 and therefore, no injunction can be granted. He further contends that there is nothing pleaded in the plaint filed by plaintiff that construction raised by petitioners is on the portion of plaintiff. Suit is barred in view of provisions of Section 41(h) of the SPECIFIC RELIEF ACT , 1963 since plaintiff has an equally efficacious remedy of filing suit for partition to get entire land partitioned.

3.2. He would further contend that by passing impugned order dated 28.03.2023 (Annexure P-1), learned First Appellate Court has become functus officio and cannot entertain any such application of plaintiff. Petitioners are already in possession of suit property and raised construction over portion in their possession in joint land.

4. On the other hand, learned counsel for caveator-respondent No.1/ plaintiff opposes the revision petition and submits that impugned order dated 28.03.2023 (Annexure P-1) passed by learned Additional District Judge, Ambala is a well-reasoned order and deserves no interference.

5. I have heard learned counsel for parties and gone through the record.

6. Having heard rival contentions and after perusal of impugned order of the Appellate Court, I am of the view that in order to balance the equities, same warrants interference from this Court. More of it later.

6.1. Before adverting further, it would be apposite to reproduce learned trial Court’s order dated 03.03.2023 (Annexure P-10), set aside by learned First Appellate Court, which is as below:-

“18. Now, first of all, the plaintiff h

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