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2023 Supreme(P&H) 1414

IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AT CHANDIGARH
Archana Puri, J.
Sumit Verma – Appellant
Versus
Jyoti Soni & Anr. – Respondents
CR No. 1204 of 2023
Decided On : 11-05-2023

Advocates appeared:
For the Parties : Mr. Sandeep Berwal, Mr. L.K. Gollen

Headnote:(A) Guardians and Wards Act, 1890 - Section 25 - Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act - Section 6 - Custody of minor child - The Family Court at Rewari has jurisdiction to hear the custody petition despite the minor currently residing with the father in Jind; the child is under the deemed custody of the mother being less than 5 years old. (Paras 8, 9, 10, and 19)

(B) Jurisdiction - The applicability of jurisdiction of Family Courts for custody matters is determined not by the current residence of the child but by the custody history and the best interests of the minor. (Paras 8 and 18)

Facts of the case:
The petitioner challenges a Family Court's dismissal of an application claiming jurisdiction while seeking custody of his child, alleging that the child lives in Jind with him, and the custody petition should be at Jind. The respondent, the mother, filed for custody at Rewari, asserting she is a resident there, and claiming the child was forcibly taken from her.

Findings of Court:
The Court found the Family Court in Rewari has jurisdiction to hear the custody petition; the minor child, being under 5 years, is presumed to be in the custody of the mother, regardless of current physical living arrangements.

Issues: The core issue was assessing jurisdiction based on the child's residence and the validity of custody claims amid allegations of forced separation.

Ratio Decidendi: The court reasoned that the notion of adequate jurisdiction in custody cases hinges on the child's best interests, emphasizing that deemed custody lies with the mother for children under 5, thereby validating the Family Court's decision.

Result: Revision petition dismissed.

Table of Content
1. background facts of marriage and custody dispute. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4)
2. arguments regarding jurisdiction for custody. (Para 5 , 6)
3. analysis of jurisdiction under guardians and wards act. (Para 7 , 8)
4. legal presumption of custody involving minors. (Para 9 , 10 , 11 , 12)
5. permanent residence and jurisdiction considerations. (Para 13 , 14 , 16)
6. forced removal of minor affects custody residence. (Para 15 , 17)
7. conclusion on jurisdiction and dismissal of appeal. (Para 18 , 19)

JUDGMENT

Mrs. Archana Puri, J.

Challenge in the present petition is to the order dated 02.11.2022 passed by learned Principal Judge, Family Court, whereby, an application under Order 7 Rule 10 read with Section 151 CPC, filed by the petitioner for rejection of petition under Section 25 of the Guardians and Wards Act, was dismissed.

2. The material facts, as culled out from the paper book are that marriage of the petitioner (husband) with respondent No.1 (wife) was solemnized on 10.06.2019, according to Hindu Rites and Ceremonies at Rewari. After the marriage, the petitioner and respondent No.1 lived together as husband and wife at Jind. From their wedlock, a male child was born on 25.04.2020.

3. However, after some time, the parties fell apart. On the accusations of demand of dowry, FIR No.39 dated 26.06.2020 was got registered at Women Police Station, Rewari against husband (petitioner) and his parents and the same is still pending adjudication. Even, a petition under Section 125 Cr.P.C. was filed by respondent No.1 (wife) against her husband and the same is also pending before Family Court, Rewari. However, during the course of the proceedings, the petitioner and his parents felt sorry for their conduct and thereupon, respondent No.1 (wife) along with minor child had accompanied the petitioner and started residing at Jind. During the stay at Jind, the respondent gave birth to second child and when she was admitted in the maternity hospital, her parents and brother had come to Jind. The petitioner and his parents had subjected parents and brother of respondent No.1 to beatings, on the basis whereof, an application was given to SHO, Civil Line, Jind. Also, it is the claim of respondent No.1 (wife) that the petitioner and his mother, had forcibly snatched minor child Viyansh, from her legal custody, while Viyansh was only 1 year and 8 months old child.

4. Thereupon, petition under Section 25 of the Guardians and Wards Act was filed by respondent No.1 (wife), thereby, seeking custody of the minor child Viyansh. The aforesaid petition was filed at Family Court, Rewari. During the pendency of the aforesaid petition, an application was filed by the petitioner under Order 7 Rule 10 read with Section 151 CPC, for seeking rejection of the petition, on the ground that child Viyansh, born from the wedlock of the parties to the lis, is ordinarily residing at Jind with his father and therefore, the Courts at Rewari, do not have jurisdiction to try the aforesaid petition for custody. Also, it was stated that respondent No.1 (wife) has no permanent residence at Rewari and now, respondent No.1, states that she is resident of Jaipur.

5. However, in the reply, it was averred that as per Section 6 of the HINDU MINORITY AND GUARDIANSHIP ACT , the custody of child below 5 years, would ordinarily lie with the mother. Also, it was stated that it was only under constrained circumstances, when respondent No.1 (wife) was not allowed to enter the matrimonial home with newly born child, she was constrained to go to her parental home with newly born child. In fact, her elder son Viyansh was kept by the husband (petitioner) and since, he was less than 5 years old, therefore, she had sought custody of minor child Viyansh.

6. Now, it is submitted by learned counsel for the petitioner-husband that since the minor child is residing presently at Jind, therefore, any petition to seek his custody, ought to be filed, at the Family Court, Jind and Family Court, Rewari,

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