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2023 Supreme(P&H) 2776

IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AT CHANDIGARH
ARUN MONGA, J.
Major Singh – Petitioner
Versus
Prem Kumar Rattan – Respondent
CR-1387 of 2019 (O&M)
Decided On : 31-01-2023

Advocates Appeared:
Mr. H.S. Saggu, Advocate; For the Petitioner
Mr. Jasbir Rattan, Advocate; For the Respondent

Headnote:(A) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - Order 9, Rule 13 - Setting aside of ex-parte judgment - The petition was for setting aside an ex-parte decree due to improper service of summons - Petitioner was a manager in a cooperative bank and faced alleged defamation - Respondent allegedly manipulated the service of summons leading to the ex-parte judgment - The appellate court found that service was not properly effected; however, it denied relief due to a delay of two days in filing the application without condoning the delay. (Paras 1, 2, 5, 10)

(B) Legal principles - Valid service of summons is a prerequisite for maintaining an ex-parte decree - The lack of proper identification of the defendant at the time of service undermines the integrity of the judgment. (Paras 3, 10)

Facts of the case:
The petitioner, identified as a manager, faced an ex-parte judgment due to alleged misconduct by the respondent in service of summons which was irregular and poorly substantiated. The respondent claimed damages following allegations of defamation and initiated this civil suit without the knowledge of the petitioner, who was not served adequately. (Paras 1, 2)

Findings of Court:
The appellate court acknowledged improper service yet dismissed the application on procedural grounds without examining the merit of the delay adequately. The court emphasized the need for prior acquaintance and valid identification during service. (Paras 3, 5, 10)

Issues: The main disputes were the validity of service of summons, the legitimacy of the ex-parte judgment, and the implications of the petitioner's delay in seeking relief. (Paras 3, 5)

Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasizes that improper service leads to a fundamental breach of justice; thus, adhering to procedural rigor about delay applications is vital while granting relief to parties reasonably affected by prior judgments. (Paras 3, 5, 10)

Result: Application under Order 9, Rule 13 CPC granted; ex-parte judgment set aside, allowing the petitioner to file a written statement and defend the suit. (Paras 10, 11)

Table of Content
1. overview of case and parties involved. (Para 1 , 2)
2. court's observation on service of summons. (Para 3 , 4 , 5)
3. contest of the application under order 9, rule 13 cpc. (Para 6 , 8)
4. legal reasoning regarding identification and service. (Para 9)
5. conclusion and orders of the court. (Para 10 , 11)

JUDGMENT

Arun Monga, J. (Oral)

Petition herein is for setting aside order dated 15.12.2017 (Annexure P-4) passed by Ld. Civil Judge (Sr. Divn.), Sangrur affirmed in appeal by the Ld. Additional District Judge, Sangrur vide order dated 09.01.2019 (Annexure P-5), whereby the application of Petitioner/defendant under Order 9, Rule 13 CPC, for setting aside ex-parte judgment and decree dated 12.04.2012 (Annexure P-1) passed in Civil Suit No.68 of 21.05.2009, was dismissed.

2. Brief facts as pleaded in the petition are that the case relates to the rivalry of two employees of Cooperative Department. Petitioner is Manager of Cooperative Bank in Sangrur District, while Respondent was an Auditor. Respondent filed a suit for recovery of Rs.5 lakh as damages against the Petitioner for alleged defamation suffered by him due to the complaints made by Petitioner, which were ultimately filed or withdrawn by Petitioner. Respondent maneuvered the proceedings of purported service of Petitioner in the civil suit and without the knowledge of Petitioner, obtained the ex-parte judgment and decree dated 12.04.2012. In fact, Petitioner was aggrieved because Respondent made false allegations for which false criminal case was registered against Petitioner. In that case, Petitioner was acquitted after trial. During this process, Petitioner was tortured for 29 days by the police to secure his admission in respect of wrong charges levelled by Respondent. Petitioner came to know of the said judgment and decree in April-2014, when he enquired from the concerned official of his department that as to why he was paid less salary and the concerned official told him that his salary was being paid to him after deducting the amount as ordered by the Court. Meaning thereby, Petitioner came to know about the judgment when portion of his salary was attached by the Executing Court in execution of the ex-parte judgment and decree dated 12.04.2012 (Annexure P-1). Thereafter, Petitioner immediately filed an application under Order 9, Rule 13 CPC.

2.1. Application under Order 9, Rule 13 CPC was contested by Respondent. Vide impugned order (Annexure P-4) the said application was dismissed stating that Petitioner was properly served and also stating that the application was filed beyond limitation. Petitioner filed an appeal and Ld. First Appellate Court, though found that neither the Petitioner was validly served in this case and was not aware of the pendency of the suit nor he was aware of the ex-parte judgment and decree, but Ld. First Appellate Court vide impugned order (Annexure P-5) dismissed the appeal on the ground of limitation for delay of only two days, stating that Petitioner had not filed any application for condonation of delay.

3. Having heard the arguments and perusing the impugned order passed by Ld. First Appellate Court, seemingly there are two findings rendered in favour of Petitioner herein. Pertinently, Respondent has not challenged any of those findings rendered by Ld. First Appellate Court. Same being apposite are reproduced herein below:

    "xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx

    10. In his cross-examination, he admitted that he did not know Major Singh personally and he cannot tell the name of Patti in which the house of Major Singh was situated. He further stated that even he could not tell the names of neighbours of Major Singh and he had not got the signatures of Chowkidar, Lamberdar or any villager as witness. He voluntarily stated that there is no need for making witness if the summons is directly served to the person. He further stated that he did not take any identity proof of Major Singh and did not know about the profession of Major Singh. He denied

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