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2019 Supreme(Sikk) 45

IN THE HIGH COURT OF SIKKIM, GANGTOK
BHASKAR RAJ PRADHAN, J
Prem Rai alias Sambhu Rai S/o Mr. Kewal Rai - Appellant
Versus
State of Sikkim - Respondent
Criminal Appeal No. 40 of 2017
Decided on : 07-06-2019

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant : Mr. K.T. Tamang, Legal Aid Counsel
For the Respondent: Mr. S.K. Chettri, adv

Rape convictions rely on credible ocular testimony, even if medical findings are inconclusive, as full genital injury is not essential. Offences committed within the same transaction preclude separate sentencing; courts must apply the graver statutory punishment when competing provisions exist.

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code, 1860, Sections 323, 354, 354B, 376 - Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012, Sections 3(a), 4, 42 - Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, Sections 164A, 220, 220(5) - Sexual offences - Sentencing - Doctrine of same transaction - Applicability of graver punishment where multiple provisions are triggered in the same transaction.

(B) Evidence - Ocular testimony vs. Medical evidence - Ocular testimony has greater evidentiary value unless completely inconsistent with medical findings - Partial penetration within labia majora is sufficient to constitute rape - Absence of genital injury is not conclusive proof against the occurrence of rape. (Paras 40, 50)

(C) Sentencing - Section 42 of special sexual offences law and Section 71 of IPC - Where acts of assault and disrobing are preparatory or concurrent components of the main offence, separate sentencing for each is unwarranted - Court must apply the provision providing for greater degree of punishment. (Paras 54, 58, 59)

Facts of the case:
The appellant, a driver, was charged with assaulting and raping a minor passenger during a trip. The victim and her friends were subsequently located by authorities. Charges were framed under relevant penal provisions for rape, sexual assault, and causing hurt. The trial court recorded convictions for all charges.

Findings of Court:
The court upheld the conviction for rape, finding the ocular testimony credible and consistent with circumstantial evidence. Convictions for preparatory or concurrent assaults were set aside as they constituted part of the same transaction. The court determined that when choosing between statutes with similar punishment ranges, the provision mandating rigorous imprisonment is considered graver.

Issues: Whether medical evidence negates ocular testimony; whether separate sentencing for multiple offences committed in the same transaction is permissible; and the application of comparative sentencing between general penal law and special legislation for sexual offences.

Ratio Decidendi: Ocular testimony, if credible and not directly contradicted by medical findings, suffices for conviction. Legal definitions clarify that partial penetration constitutes rape, making genital injury non-mandatory for proof. Multiple sentences for preparatory acts involved in the same transaction violate the prohibition against double punishment for the same offence.

Result: Appeal partly allowed; conviction for rape upheld; sentence modified.

Table of Content
1. procedural history and factual allegations of the crime. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9)
2. appreciation of ocular witness testimony in sexual assault. (Para 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16)
3. corroboration of evidence through independent witness accounts. (Para 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21)
4. admissibility and credibility of medical and forensic seizure evidence. (Para 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35)
5. weight of victim testimony against conflicting medical opinion. (Para 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42)
6. evidence of penetration suffices for rape conviction. (Para 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49)
7. conclusion regarding establishment of guilt for assault/rape. (Para 50 , 51)
8. sentencing principles for multiple statutory offences. (Para 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59)
9. final outcome of appeal and judicial directives. (Para 60 , 61 , 62)

JUDGMENT :

Bhaskar Raj Pradhan, J

1. The Appellant was the driver of the taxi hired by the victim (P.W.7) and her two friends P.W.1 and P.W.2, all three girls, on 15.05.2016 to go sightseeing in an around Gangtok. However, pursuant to First Information Report (FIR) (exhibit-6) lodged by the victim before the Officer in-charge of Sadar Thana, Gangtok, Sikkim Police Inspector, Ton Tshering Lepcha, Station House Officer (SHO) Phodong, Police Station, North Sikkim and the Investigating Officer (P.W.23) (Investigating Officer) registered a regular criminal case against the Appellant for commission of rape, penetrative sexual assault on a minor as well as for voluntary causing hurt. The victim had alleged that the Appellant while taking them around sightseeing had become violent with the victim’s friend when they desired to return as it was getting late. The Appellant started demanding money and thereafter asked the victim’s friend to get off. By the time she was losing her senses and she could neither hear nor speak. She alleged that she was kidnapped by the Appellant “brutally beaten, slapped, hit by a rod, pulled by my hair and raped in the car.”

2. The investigation culminated in the charge-sheet filed on 24.08.2016 against the Appellant for commission of penetrative sexual assault and voluntarily causing hurt.

3. On 19.09.2016 the learned Special Judge, POCSO Act, 2012, North Sikkim at Mangan charged the Appellant for three indictments. Firstly, for voluntarily causing hurt on P.W.2 and the victim by beating them brutally punishable under Section 323 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC). Secondly, he was charged for assaulting or using criminal force against P.W.2 and the victim intending to outrage their modesty punishable under Section 354 . Thirdly, he was charged for committing penetrative sexual assault on the victim punishable under Section 4 of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences, Act, 2012 ().

4. On 07.11.2016 the learned Special Judge framed two more charges. He was charged for committing rape on the victim punishable under Section 376 IPC. He was also charged for using criminal force against the victim with the intention of disrobing her and in fact, disrobing her punishable under Section 354B . The Appellant pleaded not guilty to all the charges and claimed trial.

5. The Appellant has been convicted under Section 323 IPC for voluntarily causing hurt to the victim and P.W.2. He was also convicted under Section 354, 354B, 376 (1) of the as well as Section 3(a)/4 of the POCSO Act for commission of the said offences on the victim by the learned Special Judge.

6. The Appellant was sentenced in the following manner:

To undergo rigorous imprisonment for a period of eight years and to pay a fine of Rs.30,000/- for the offence(s) under Section 376(1) of the IPC and Sections 3(a)/4 of the POCSO Act, 2012. In default to pay the fine, to undergo simple imprisonment for a further period of six months;

To undergo simple i

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