ORDER

Sapru, J. - The applicant in this revision is a tenant of about eleven years' standing. He was, under an agreement in writing, dated 14th November 1944, bound to pay a rent of Rs. 3-8-0 per month for the house he was occupying. Before that date he was paying a rent of Rs. 2-8-0. According to the municipal assessment of April 1942 the rental value of the house is Rs. 3 p. m.

2. The landlord applied to the Court under the U. P. Control of Rent and Eviction Act (Act III [3] of 1947) to enhance the rent which the applicant had been paying to him from and about the year 1944. The suit which was brought by him purports to be u/s 8 (4) of the said Act. By its order dated 15th May 1948, the Court enhanced the rent of the house in suit to Rs. 10 p. m. It is against that order of the learned. Munsif that the applicant has come up in revision to this Court. Section 5 (1) of the Act layer down that

"the rent payable for any accommodation to which this Act applies shall be such as may be agreed upon between the landlord and the tenant."

There was an express agreement between the landlord and the tenant whereby the tenant was bound to pay Rs. 3-8-0 per month as rent of the house be was occupying. Sub-clause (2) of that Act provides the procedure for the enhancement of rents by landlord by means of notice in circumstances and up to a certain limit included in the section itself. It is an admitted fact that the landlord has not followed in this case the procedure indicated in Section 5 (2). It is unnecessary to consider Sub-clause (3) as it has no relevance to the facts of the present case. Sub-clause (4) is important and is reproduced below:

". . . . . if for any reason the landlord or the tenant, as the case may be, claims that the 'reasonable annual rent' is inadequate or excessive, he may institute a suit for fixation of rent in the Court of the Munsif having territorial jurisdiction if the annual rent claimed is Rs. 500 or less, and in the Court of the Civil Judge having territorial jurisdiction if it exceeds Rs. 500: provided that the Court shall not vary the agreed rent unless it is satisfied that the transaction was unfair. . . . ."

It is important to note that the proviso expressly lays down that the Court shall not vary the agreed cent unless it is satisfied that the transaction was unfair. The learned Munsif had, therefore, no jurisdiction u/s 5 (4) to vary the rent which had been agreed upon between the landlord and the tenant unless it was satisfied that the agreement entered into was of an unfair nature. It may be noted that the words "transaction" and ''fair" occur in Section 3(2)(d), Usurious Loans Act also. Clause (d) of that Act lays down certain practical tests for the guidance of the Court. In Act III [3] of 1947 no specific tests have been laid down, but the view that I take is that the principles which have been enunciated in the Usurious Loans Act are capable of adoption for determining whether a transaction is fair or unfair. It strikes me, however, that it is not irrelevant to consider in this connection the principles which the Legislature has laid down for determining if a transaction is unfair under the. Usurious Loans Act (Act X [10] 1918). Section 3(d) of that Act lays down that:

"In considering whether a transaction was substantially unfair, the Court shall take into account all circumstances materially affecting the relation of the parties at the time of the loan or tending to show that the transaction, was unfair, including the necessities or supposed necessities of the debtor at the time of the loan so far as the same were known, or must be taken to have been known to the debtor."

I may refer in this connection also to Section 16(1), Contract Act which lays down:

"A contract is said to be induced by undue influence where the relations subsisting between the parties are such that one of the parties is in a position to dominate the will of the other and uses that position to obtain an unfair advantage over the oth