JUDGMENT

1. In this case two men appeal, one Ramzani against a conviction for murder and one Shafiq Ahmad against a conviction for rioting, he having been found to have been the ring leader in an undoubted fight. Seven other persons were put upon their trial. Six of them were convicted and sentenced and have not appealed and one Bashir was acquitted. But in the view which we take of this case, it is not necessary to go into the question of differentiating between the eases of the various accused. We propose to take a broader view of the matter a great deal of which is fatally clear. In a group of villages or hamlets in which there are rival zamindars and apparently rival factions, Mt. Mango was a tenant of two brothers, Usman and Sultan, who lived at a village named Malpur, a mile away. Sultan was the man who was killed. Mt. Mango is the woman over whom the trouble began. She was living with the wife of her nephew who had been sent to jail, and there is no doubt that for some reasons, which it is unnecessary to pursue further, these two women had made up their minds to leave the house where they were living and give up their tenancy under the zamindar. For this purpose they made arr