IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT ALLAHABAD (LUCKNOW)
KAUSHAL JAYENDRA THAKER, AJAI TYAGI, JJ.
Vikram Prasad – Appellant
Versus
State of U.P. – Respondent
Criminal Appeal No. 289 of 2015
Decided on : 27-07-2022
Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Section 302, 498-A, 299 and 304 I or II - Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 - Section 3/4 - Evidence Act, 1872 - Section 32 and 60 – Cruelty - Offence of Murder/ Dowry Death – Appeal against conviction - Dying-declaration - Cause of death - Whether, on reappraisal of peculiar facts and circumstances of case, conviction of appellant under Section 302 of I.P.C. should be upheld or conviction deserves to be converted under Section 304 Part-I or Part-II of IPC - Case are that a written report was filed by informant with averments that complainant’s daughter was married to appellant before one and half year - For want amount, in night accused and his mother set his daughter ablaze and after getting her admitted into Medical College (accused) absconded from there. On getting information from villagers on phone, complainant and others reached Medical College where deceased passed away during course of treatment – Fire was put out by appellant himself and deceased was admitted to hospital in injured condition by appellant and his family members, it is transpired that appellant’s had no intention to do away with deceased. Deceased died after four days of occurrence and during this period, she constantly remained admitted in Medical College and was under treatment. Doctor conducted post-mortem, has also mentioned cause of death as “Shock” - Conviction of appellant under Section 302 IPC is converted into conviction under Section 304 (Part-I) IPC. (Para 34 and 36)
Finding of the court: After perusal of dying declaration of deceased it is not revealed as to why appellant had poured kerosene oil on deceased and set her ablazed. Moreover, it is stated by deceased in dying declaration that fire was also put out by appellant himself, hence, there is no dispute to fact that fire was put out by appellant and as per the dying declaration, it is also not in dispute that appellant and his family members had taken the deceased to Medical College, Gorakhpur for treatment and she was admitted by them - Court opinion that offence would be punishable under Section 304 (Part-I) IPC because burn injuries were caused to deceased by appellant with intention to cause such bodily injuries as were likely to cause death and therefore, instant case falls under Exceptions 4 of Section 300 IPC.
Result: Appeal partly allowed.
JUDGMENT :
Ajai Tyagi, J.
1. This appeal has been preferred against the judgment and order dated 17.12.2014, passed by learned Additional Sessions Judge, Court No.4, District Maharajganj, in Session Trail No. 90 of 2006 (State of U.P. vs. Vikram Prasad and Others), arising out of Case Crime No.336 of 2006, under Section 302 of Indian Penal Code (in short “IPC”), Police Station-Shyamdeorva, District Maharajganj whereby the appellant is convicted and sentenced for the offence under Section 302 IPC for life imprisonment with a fine of Rs.20,000/-and in default of payment of fine, further imprisonment for one year.
2. The brief facts of the case are that a written report was filed by informant Jhinak at Police Station Shyamdeorva, Maharajganj, District Maharajganj with the averments that complainant’s daughter Shanti Devi was married to Vikram R/o Village Belrai, Police Station Shyamdeorva, District Maharajganj before one and half year. For want of Rs.10,000/-, in the night of 20.03.2006 the accused Vikram and his mother-Simirata Devi set his daughter ablaze and after getting her admitted into the Medical College, Gorakhpur they (the accused) absconded from there. On getting the information from the villagers on phone, the complainant and others reached Medical College, Gorakhpur where on 24.03.2006 at about 6:00 PM Shanti Devi passed away during the course of treatment.
3. On the basis of the aforesaid written report, a case crime no.336 of 2006 was registered against the aforesaid accused persons under Sections 498-A and 304-B I.P.C. During the course of investigation, I.O. has visited the spot and prepared the site plan. I.O. has also collected the piece of cot, piece of burn bedding, container of kerosene oil along with matchstick etc. from the spot and prepared the recovery memo. On the next day of occurrence, a dying declaration of the deceased was recorded by Naib Tehsildar Sunil kumar patel. The injured Shanti Devi died after four days of the occurrence i.e. 24.03.2006 during treatment. Post-mortem was conducted, in which cause of death was mentioned as shock. Before postmortem inquest report was also prepared. I.O. recorded the statement of the witnesses. After completion of investigation, a charge sheet under Section 498-A, 304-B I.P.C. and Section 3/4 of Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 was submitted against the accused persons namely Vikram and Semirata Devi.
4. Learned Magistrate committed the case to the sessions court as the case was triable by sessions court.
5. Learned trial judge framed the charges against both the accused persons under Sections 498-A, 304-B I.P.C. and Section 3/4 of Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961.
6. To bring home the charges, the prosecution examined following witnesses:
| 1. | Jhinak | P.W.-1 |
| 2. | Smt. Devi | P.W.-2 |
| 3. | Manoj Kumar | P.W.-3 |
| 4. | Smt. Chandrawati Devi | P.W.-4 |
| 5. | Ram Naresh Prasad | P.W.-5 |
| 6. | Ram Sawar | P.W.-6 |
| 7. | Anil Kumar | P.W.-7 |
| 8. | Devi Lal | P.W.-8 |
| 9. | Leelawati | P.W.-9 |
| 10. | Shiv Lal Prasad | P.W.-10 |
| 11. | Prakash | P.W.-11 |
| 12. | Ram Rekha Yadav | P.W.-12 |
| 13. | Rekha Devi | P.W.-13 |
| 14. | Smt. Anarkali Devi | P.W.-14 |
| 15. | Dr. Santosh Kumar | P.W.-15 |
| 16. | Nagendra Bahadur Singh | P.W.-16 |
| 17. | Sanjay Kumar | P.W.-17 |
| 18. | Satish Kumar Srivastava | P.W.-18 |
| 19. | Sunil Kumar Patel | P.W.-19 |
| 20. | Dr. A.K. Srivastava | P.W.-20 |
7. In support of oral evidence, prosecution submitted following documentary evidence, which was proved by leading oral evidence:
| 1. | FIR | Ex.ka-3 |
| 2. | Written report | Ex.ka-1 |
| 3. | Dying-declaration | Ex.ka-14 |
| 4. | Recovery memo | Ex.ka-7 |
| 5. | Post mortem report | Ex.ka-2 |
| 6. | Panchayatnama | Ex.ka-9 |
| 7. | Cha | |
Koli Lakhmanbhai Chandabhai vs. State of Gujarat [1999 (8) SCC 624]
The reliability of dying declaration, the role of hostile witnesses, and the distinction between murder and culpable homicide not amounting to murder in cases of death due to septicemia.
The dying declaration can be the sole basis for conviction if it is true, reliable, and recorded in accordance with law. The cause of death due to septicaemia led to the classification of the offence....
The main legal point established in the judgment is the reliance on dying declaration as a sole basis for conviction under Section 302/34 of IPC, the interpretation of Section 498A of IPC, and the ap....
The dying declaration was the sole basis for conviction, and the distinction between 'murder' and 'culpable homicide not amounting to murder' under Section 299 and 300 of the Indian Penal Code was cr....
The main legal point established in the judgment is the importance of evaluating dying declarations and medical opinions in cases of criminal offenses.
The voluntary and truthful nature of dying declaration and the competency of a child witness to depose are crucial in establishing guilt and determining the appropriate criminal offense.
The dying declaration, if found to be true, voluntary, and reliable, can be the sole basis for conviction without the need for corroboration. The court may rely on the dying declaration as the primar....
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