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2026 Supreme(All) 51

HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT ALLAHABAD
AVNISH SAXENA, J.
Shyam Bahadur Yadav – Applicant
Versus
State of U.P. and Another – Opp. Parties
Application U/S 528 BNSS No. 32942 of 2025
Decided On : 17-02-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Applicant :Aditya Gupta, Sr. Advocate
For the Opposite Parties : G.A., Munna Tiwari, Prakash Veer Tripathi.

The court emphasized that continuous consensual relationships should not lead to criminal charges of rape unless compelling evidence of deception is established, reflecting the need to distinguish between consensual relationships and false promises.

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code - Sections 376(2)(n) and 420 - Quashing of charge sheet and proceedings - Application under Section 528 BNSS allowed as continuance of proceedings tantamounts to miscarriage of justice - Presence of consensual relationship established with no credible evidence of deceitful intent - Applicant accused of sexual intercourse on false promise of marriage; however, circumstances indicate a consensual relationship that evolved over time without intent to deceive. (Paras 20 and 21)

(B) Consent and Deceit - Criteria for establishing consent based on a false promise of marriage must show intention of deceit at the time of the promise - Courts have emphasized that continued consensual relationships should not be criminalized due to broken marriages. (Paras 14 and 19)

(C) Standard of Proof - The perusal of material does not support the continuance of the trial, suggesting a clear disparity between allegation and prosecutorial substantiation. (Paras 10, 11, and 18)

Facts of the case:
The applicant allegedly subjected the victim to sexual intercourse over five years under a false promise of marriage, with the victim later revealing past marital status that was hidden, which complexifies claims of deceit. The court noted the victim's history and the mutual consensual nature of their relationship.

Findings of Court:
The applicant's relationship with the victim was consensual, leading to quashing of charges against him as lacking sufficient legal grounding.

Issues: Whether the relationship shifted from consent to deceit and the sufficiency of evidence to support ongoing criminal proceedings.

Ratio Decidendi: The court concluded that continuing the proceedings would lead to miscarriage of justice, as the evidence presented did not convincingly demonstrate that the applicant acted with deceitful intent concerning the relationship with the victim.

Result: Application allowed.

Table of Content
1. details of the alleged incident of sexual intercourse. (Para 2 , 4 , 5)
2. arguments regarding the nature of the relationship and consent. (Para 6 , 7 , 8)
3. judicial considerations on consent and relationship context. (Para 11 , 18)
4. legal precedents regarding false promise of marriage. (Para 13 , 15)
5. order to quash proceedings. (Para 20 , 21)

JUDGMENT :

AVNISH SAXENA, J.

1. Heard Sri G.S. Chaturvedi, learned Senior Advocate assisted by Sri Aditya Gupta, learned counsel for the applicant, Sri Prakash Veer Tripathi, learned counsel for opposite party No.2 and Sri Chandra Badan, learned AGA for the State.

2. The present application under Section 528 BNSS is moved by the accused applicant with the prayer to quash the charge sheet dated 9.4.2023, summoning order dated 18.8.2025 and the proceedings of Criminal Case No. 2944 of 2025 ( State of U.P. vs. Shyam Bahadur Yadav ), arose out of Case Crime No.53 of 2025 for offence under Section 376(2)(n) and 420 IPC, Police Station Kotwali, District Basti.

3. For the sake of brevity, the accused-applicant is referred as 'applicant' and opposite party no.2 is referred as 'victim' in this judgment.

4. The victim has lodged the FIR on 12.2.2025 at Police Station Kotwali district Basti at 17:10 hour for offence under section 420, 376, 504, 506 and 313 of IPC against the applicant and his brother, mother, father, and sisters, whose names have not been disclosed in the FIR. The allegation in the FIR is such that the victim was serving on contract basis as Data Executive from 2019 at District Hospital, where the victim came in contact with the applicant for the first time. The applicant has proposed the victim for marriage, on which the victim has replied that she will ask from parents. On his assurance, the applicant started visiting the house of the victim. The parents of victim were ready for marriage but the applicant has postponed the marriage after getting a job and submits that he will certainly marry. On 5.10.2020, the applicant was celebrating his birthday and pressurized the victim to come to his room. At about 7 PM, the victim reached there and the applicant has entered into sexual intercourse on the promise that he will marry. The applicant has also taken certain indecent photographs of the victim. The victim has intimated the incident to her parents and the applicant has admitted his fault but assured that he will certainly marry the victim, due to which the victim has not submitted any police report. Thereafter, the victim was consistently subjected to rape on false promise of marriage. In the year 2020, the victim became pregnant twice. The victim was given the pills for abortion. She has also sought advice of a gynecologist and undertook abortion. The applicant then gave assurance that within 4 to 6 months, he will marry, but later on, he kept on extending time. Then, in the month of May 2023, the applicant got service as a junior clerk at Ambedkar Nagar Medical College. But thereafter, his behavior got changed and his parents were trying to get him married somewhere else. On 9.2.2025, at about 5 p.m., the victim with her brother, sister, and brother-in-law went to the house of applicant to meet his parents, on which the sister of applicant has put a lock from outside the house and got away at the park outside their house with lathi-danda in their hands. The family members of the victim were roughed up by the family members of the applicant. The information of this act was given at 112 dial. Later on, parties have entered into a compromise owing to the pressure built up by the applicant and also offered money. But when nothing has happened, the FIR is lodged.

5. In the statement under section 180 BNSS, the victim has stated that she is 30 years of age. The rest of the allegations are the same as she has levelled against the applicant in the FIR. In the statement of 183 BNSS, the victim has stated that she is BMM(Block Mission Manager) and knew the applicant since 20

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