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2026 Supreme(All) 406

HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT ALLAHABAD
ANISH KUMAR GUPTA, J.
Ram Swaroop Shukla – Appellant 
Versus 
State of U.P. and Others – Respondents 
WRIT A. No. 27948 of 2010
Decided On : 27-02-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioner: Ashok Khare, Rakesh Kr. Shukla, Rakesh Kumar Shukla, Santosh Kumar Srivastava
For the Respondent: C.S.C.

Disciplinary inquiry under 1999 Rules vitiated without oral hearing opportunity to delinquent, even absent proposed witnesses by either side, as implicit in rules for natural justice compliance.

Headnote:(A) Uttar Pradesh Government Servant (Discipline and Appeal) Rules 1999 - Rule 7 - Disciplinary proceedings for major penalty - Charge-sheet listed documents but no witnesses - Delinquent's reply annexed documents but no witnesses - Inquiry Officer concluded findings without fixing date for oral hearing or examining witnesses or affording opportunity to explain charges orally - Proceedings vitiated despite no express rule mandating oral inquiry where no witnesses proposed - Implicit requirement for oral opportunity as sine qua non of natural justice under Articles 14 and 311 - Termination and appellate orders set aside. (Paras 18, 24, 25)

(B) Disciplinary inquiry - Quasi-judicial - Must afford reasonable opportunity to defend - Even on documentary evidence alone, oral enquiry necessary to confront charges, elicit responses - Denial renders inquiry non est. (Paras 19, 20, 22, 23)

Facts of the case:
Petitioner appointed on revenue post in 1980, posted in area in 2008. FIR registered alleging wrongful mutation treating person as dead; investigation closed finding no criminality as person had taken sanyas, last rites performed, village accepted death, certified by village head, later returned without objection. Second FIR for tearing revenue order showing alive person as dead. Suspended, chargesheet issued for tearing document, wrongful mutation, misconduct. No witnesses proposed by either side. Inquiry report found charges proved without oral hearing. Show cause replied; terminated. Appeal dismissed upholding findings. Writ petition filed.

Findings of Court:
Impugned orders of termination and appellate dismissal set aside as inquiry vitiated; no remand ordered as petitioner superannuated.

Issues: Whether disciplinary inquiry valid without oral hearing when no witnesses proposed; whether authorities applied independent mind or merely rubber-stamped inquiry findings.

Ratio Decidendi: Interpretation of Rule 7 mandates implicit oral enquiry post-reply for natural justice compliance, binding per precedents; mere reliance on documents without opportunity to orally defend vitiates process. Result : Writ petition allowed.

Table of Content
1. factual background of lekhpal's termination post firs and inquiry (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11)
2. petitioner claims inquiry violated natural justice sans oral hearing (Para 12 , 13 , 14 , 15)
3. state argues no oral hearing needed without proposed witnesses (Para 16 , 17)
4. rule 7 outlines procedure for major penalty inquiries (Para 18)
5. precedents require oral inquiry, evidence in disciplinary proceedings (Para 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23)
6. implicit oral hearing duty vitiates inquiry; termination quashed (Para 24 , 25 , 26)

JUDGMENT :

ANISH KUMAR GUPTA, J.

1. Heard Sri Santosh Kumar Srivastava, learned counsel for the petitioner and Sri Girijesh Kumar Tripathi, learned Additional Chief Standing Counsel for the State.

2. The instant petition has been filed by the petitioner herein seeking quashing of the order dated 17.12.2009, passed by respondent no.3, whereby the services of the petitioner herein were terminated and also seeking quashing of the order dated 30.04.2010, whereby the appeal preferred by the appellant herein was dismissed by the respondent no.2.

FACTS

3. The brief facts of the case are the petitioner herein was appointed on the post of Lekhpal in the year, 1980 and in the year, 2008, he was posted in the area of Domagor of Tehsil and District- Jhansi. On 04.10.2008, an F.I.R. being Case Crime No. 686 of 2008 under Sections 419, 420, 467, 471, 477-A and 120B I.P.C. was registered at the behest of the Revenue Inspector, Shri Buddhi Prakash, making out the allegations that the petitioner has treated one Brij Kishore as dead and passed a mutation order in favour of Rajendra Singh and Hari Mohan. In the aforesaid case, after investigation a final report was submitted on 21.10.2008.

4. In the final order it was categorically observed by the Investigation Officer (IO) that since the said Brij Kishore had left his house in the year, 1988 and has taken Sanyas and renowned the world, but his sons and relatives continued to search for him sufficiently for long period upto 1997. When the said Brij Kishore could not be traced out by them, in the year 1997 his sons and relatives have performed his last rites treating he is dead and thereafter they have applied for mutation of their names in place of his father. Since, the entire village has accepted that said Brij Kishore has died, in such circumstances it is further observed that Village Pradhan has also certified that he is dead. However, later on in the year, 2006, said Brij Kishore came in the village in the form of a Sadhu and did not raise any objection with regard to the mutation of his property in the name of his legal heirs i.e., his sons. Since, the neighbors of the land belonging to the sons of the said Brij Kishore, wanted to purchase the land from Hari Mohan etc., which they have refused to sell. Having regard to this he has made the complaints to the Higher Officials, therefore, it was concluded that there was no criminality attached to the action taken by the petitioner herein in passing the mutation order in favor of the legal heirs of the said Brij Kishore, on the basis of the Death Certificate issued by the Village Pradhan.

5. Subsequent to the filing of the aforesaid final report, another F.I.R. being Case Crime No. 2293 of 2008 under Section 420 I.P.C. was lodged against the petitioner herein alleging therein that the petitioner herein had torned the order iŒdŒ&11 with regard to the Khata No. 349, whereby an alive person was shown as dead and name of his heirs were mutated.

6. The criminal proceedings of the aforesaid case was stayed by this Court on a Criminal Misc. Application under Section 482 Cr.P.C. No. 17392 of 2009 filed by the sons of the said Brij Kishore. Subsequent thereto, vide order dated 11.11.2008, the petitioner herein was suspended on the allegation that he has torned the order iŒdŒ&11-d relating to Khata No. 349 of the year, 1359 Fasli, while inspecting the aforesaid file. Thereupon, on 21.03.2009, the inquiry o

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