IN THE HIGH COURT OF UTTARAKHAND AT NAINITAL
Rajiv Sharma, Sharad Kumar Sharma, JJ.
Charan Singh - Appellant
Versus
State of Uttarakhand - Respondent
Criminal Jail Appeal No.23 of 2014
Decided On : 26-07-2017
Criminal Law - Circumstantial Evidence - IPC, 1860, Sections 302/34, 201, 394, 411 - Arms Act, Section 4/25 - Evidence Act, Section 27 - [LAST SEEN ALIVE] - [Criminal Law] - [IPC, 1860, Sections 302/34, 201, 394, 411, Arms Act, Section 4/25, Evidence Act, Section 27] - The judgment discusses the application of the 'last seen alive' theory in cases based on circumstantial evidence. It highlights the legal principles established by various Supreme Court judgments regarding the last seen theory and the burden of proof on the prosecution and the accused. The court emphasizes the need for additional evidence beyond the last seen theory to establish guilt and scrutinizes the admissibility of evidence, including confessions made before police personnel and in custody. The judgment ultimately acquits the appellant due to lack of conclusive evidence.
Fact of the Case:
The appellant was convicted for various offenses including murder, based on circumstantial evidence. The prosecution's case relied on the 'last seen alive' theory, where the deceased were last seen in the company of the appellant and his son. However, the evidence was circumstantial, and there was no eyewitness to the alleged crimes. The bodies were found after a delay, and the cause of death could not be ascertained. The appellant denied the charges.
Finding of the Court:
The Trial Court erred in holding the appellant guilty based on circumstantial evidence and the 'last seen alive' theory. The prosecution failed to establish a complete chain of circumstances pointing exclusively towards the guilt of the accused. The recovery of case property was questionable, and there were inconsistencies in witness testimonies. The inordinate delay in lodging the FIR remained unexplained. Consequently, the appellant was acquitted of all charges.
Issues: Reliability of circumstantial evidence, admissibility of confessions made before police personnel, delay in lodging the FIR, and the application of the 'last seen alive' theory.
Ratio Decidendi: The judgment emphasizes the need for a complete chain of circumstances to establish guilt based on circumstantial evidence. It scrutinizes the admissibility of confessions made before police personnel and in custody, highlighting the limitations imposed by the Evidence Act. The court also underscores the significance of explaining the inordinate delay in lodging the FIR. Additionally, it reiterates the legal principles established by various Supreme Court judgments regarding the 'last seen alive' theory and the burden of proof on the prosecution and the accused.
Final Decision: The appellant was acquitted of all charges due to the failure of the prosecution to establish guilt beyond reasonable doubt based on circumstantial evidence. The judgment highlighted inconsistencies in the evidence, questioned the reliability of the recovery of case property, and emphasized the unexplained delay in lodging the FIR.
Rajiv Sharma, J.
1. This appeal is preferred by the appellant from jail against the judgment and order dated 13.06.2014 rendered by learned Additional Sessions Judge, Kashipur (Udham Singh Nagar) in S.T. No.240/2009, whereby the appellant Charan Singh, was charged with and tried for the offences punishable under Sections 302/34, 201, 394 and 411 IPC. Appellant Charan Singh was further charged for the offence punishable u/s 4/25 of the Arms Act in S.T. No.241 of 2009. The Trial Court convicted the accused u/s 302/34 IPC and sentenced him to life imprisonment with fine of Rs.5,000/- and in default of payment of fine, to undergo additional rigorous imprisonment for a period of two years. He was further convicted u/s 201 IPC and sentenced to undergo seven years’ R.I. with fine of Rs.1,000/-, and in default of payment of fine, to undergo one year additional rigorous imprisonment. He was further convicted u/s 394 IPC and sentenced to undergo imprisonment for life with fine of Rs.5,000/- and in default of payment of fine, to undergo two years’ additional rigorous imprisonment. The accused was further convicted u/s 411 IPC and sentenced to undergo three years’ R.I. with fine of Rs.1,000/- and in default of payment of fine, to undergo six months’ additional rigorous imprisonment. He was further convicted u/s 4/25 of the Arms Act and sentenced to undergo two years’ imprisonment with fine of Rs.1,000/- and in default of payment of fine, to undergo six months’ additional imprisonment. All the aforesaid sentences were ordered to run concurrently. However, the appellant has preferred only one appeal against the judgment rendered in S.T. No.240/2009 and S.T. No.241/2009.
2. Since the co-accused Pintu was minor on the date of incident, his case was referred to the Juvenile Justice Board vide order dated 24.2.2010.
3. Case of the prosecution in a nutshell is that the FIR was lodged by PW1 Puran Singh, to the effect, that his father Ram Niwas and elder brother Raj Kumar were residing in the field of Gurnam Singh by constructing a hut. On 28.6.2009, when he went to meet his father and brother in the hut, they were not found. When he searched for them nearby, he came to know that his father and brother had returned on 24.6.2009 by selling the mangoes for Rs.40,000/-. Thereafter, in the evening, they had gone to stay in the hut of Charan Singh. They were seen by many people going towards the hut of Charan Singh. Then the complainant went to the hut of Charan Singh but nobody was found. It was revealed that Charan Singh along with his family had left for his village at Badayun. The missing report was, accordingly, lodged on 2.7.2009. On 3.7.2009, the complainant came to know that from the bushes in the plot of Nirmal Singh, a foul smell was emanating. He went to the spot and noticed two skeletons lying in the field. Their clothes and bicycle was also lying nearby. After seeing the clothes and bicycle, he recognized that those skeletons were of his father and brother. A sum of Rs.40,000/- was robbed from the deceased.
4. The matter was investigated and Challan was put up after completing all the codal formalities.
5. Prosecution has examined as many as twelve witnesses in support of its case.
6. Appellant was also examined u/s 313 Cr.P.C. He denied the case of prosecution.
7. Appellant/accused was convicted and sentenced by the Trial Court, as noticed hereinabove. Hence this appeal.
8. Learned Advocate, appearing on behalf of the appellant, has vehemently argued that the prosecution has failed to prove its case against the accused beyond reasonable doubt.
9. Learned Sr. Additional Advocate General, appearing for the State, has supported the judgment dated 13.6.2014.
10. We have heard learned counsel for the parties and perused the entire material available on record carefully.
11. The case is based on circumstantial evidence. There is no eyewitness of the occurrence. In order to prove the case based on circumstantial evidence, the chain must be compl
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