High Court Of Madhya Pradesh
S.P. Bhargava and R.J. Bhave, JJ.
Thakurain Dulaiya
Versus
Shivnath Punjabi
SECOND APPEAL 292 of 1965 Of
Decided On : Jan 08,1968
Clause 12-A of the Rent Control order is validly promulgated and is not ultra vires or unconstitutional. 1958 NLJ 392, Overruled. AIR 1955 Nag. 246 (FB) followed; AIR 1947 PC 60 and AIR 1947 PC 72 referred to. [Para 6
(2) Accommodation Control Act, 1955 (M.P.) - S.4 (e) - Letting of Houses and Rent Control Order, 1949 (C.P. and Berar) - Cl.12-A – sub-tenancy created under the Rent Control Order unlawful-no validation by section 4 (e) of the Accommodation Control Act-protection of sub-tenants explained.
The proviso under clause (e) of section 4 protects only those sub-tenants whose sub-tenancies were validly created and which were with the permission of the landlord, direct or indirect. It does not touch a sub-tenancy which was in the inception unlawful and unenforceable in law. The proviso had not the effect of making an unlawful sub-tenancy a lawful one; though under the 1955 Act no ground would have been furnished to the landlord to terminate the tenancy on the ground of unlawful sub-letting. [Para 9
(3) Letting of Houses and Rent Control Order, 1949 (C P and Berar) Cl. 12-A-oral consent of landlord to create sub-tenancy-tenancy unlawful-tripartite contract between landlord, tenant and sub-tenant-no effect under the law-landlord and tenant and sub-tenant-responsibilities.
Where sub-tenancy is created, the sub-tenant remains responsible to the tenant. No direct relationship exists between the landlord and such sub-tenant. The tripartite contract means nothing more than that the landlady gave her oral consent to the tenant to sub-let which is prohibited by clause 12-A, unless the permission was in writing. The sub-letting was thus unlawful. [Para 10
(4) Letting of Houses and Rent Control Order, 1949 (C P & Berar) CI.12-A-unlawful sub-tenancy-hit by section 23, Contract Act-no waiver and no estoppel.
A contract of unlawful sub-Jetting is hit by section 23 of the Contract Act and in such a case the plea of waiver as against the landlord was not available to the tenant or the sub-tenant and the landlord is not estopped from urging that the sub-tenancy was unlawful even though an oral consent was given for such sub-letting. AIR 1959 SC 689 relied on. [Para 11
( 1. ) SMT. Thakurain Dulaiya, the plaintiff-appellant, is the owner of House No. 828, lordganj, Jabalpur, and the respondent No. 1 (defendant No. 1) is the tenant thereof at the monthly rent of Rs. 120/ -. The plaintiff filed the suit, out of which this second appeal arises, for ejectment on various grounds including the ground that the defendant No. 1 had sub-let part of the premises to the defendants 2 and 3 and that the subletting being unlawful she was entitled to eject the defendants under Section 12 (1) (b) of the Madhya Pradesh Accommodation Control Act, 1961. The defendant No. 3 vacated the premises during the pendency of the suit. The defence of the defendants 1 and 2 was that the part of the premises was sublet to the defendant No. 2 at a tripartite contract between the plaintiff, the defendant No. 1 and the defendant No. 2, arrived at between the parties at mauranipur in April 1955. It was not disputed that the contract was oral; but the submission was that it being a tripartite contract, it was not unlawful.
( 2. ) THE trial Court negatived other grounds urged by the plaintiff but held that under Clause 12-A of the C. P. and Berar Letting of Houses and Rent Control Order. 1949 (hereinafter referred to as the rent Control Order), which was in force in 1955, a tenant was prohibited from sub-letting any portion of the accommodation except in pursuance of a condition in the lease-deed executed in favour of the tenant or with the written consent of the landlord; and as no written consent of the landlady was obtained in this particular case, the sub-letting was unlawful and that the plaintiff was entitled to a decree for ejectment.
( 3. ) THE lower appellate Court, however, felt bound by the decision of Shiv Dayal, J. in Ramkishan v. Jamuna Prasad, SA No. 357 of 1962 D/- 27-11-1962 (MP), wherein it was held that Clause 12-A of the Rent Control Order was ultra vires and unconstitutional. In this view of the matter, it was held that the subtenancy in favour of the defendant No. 2 was not unlawful and that the plaintiff was not entitled to a decree for ejectment. The plaintiff has now come up in second appeal.
( 4. ) THE decision of Shiv Dayal, J. is based on the decision of Mudholkar, J. (as he then was) in Tilokchand v. Ganpatdas, 1958 Nag LJ 392: (AIR 1959 Bom 98 ). The full Bench decision of the Nagpur High Court in Balkishan v. Total-das, AIR 1955 nag 246 (FB) was unfortunately not brought to the notice of Shiv Dayal, J. The full Bench decision takes a contrary view of the matter. Hence, it appears that this appeal was placed before this Division Bench for disposal.
( 5. ) BEFORE we proceed further, it may be noted that the Rent Control Order was promulgated by the State Government in exercise of powers conferred under section 2 of the C. P. and Berar Regulation of Letting of Accommodation Act, 1946 (hereinafter referred to as the 1946 Act ). The Act was enacted after obtaining assent of the Governor-General as contemplated under Section 107 (2) of the government of India Act, 1935 and, as such any provisions of the 1946 Act or any orders passed by the State Government in exercise of powers under Section 2 of the Act must be held to be immune from any attack that they are in conflict with any provisions of the Central Act. In 1958 Nag LJ 392: (AIR 1959 Bom 98) (supra), Mudholkar, J. however, held that Clause 12-A of the Rent Control Order was repugnant to the provisions of Section 108 (j) of the Transfer of Property Act. His Lordship was of the view that the subject "transfer of Property" falls in the Concurrent List, i. e. , List III of Seventh Schedule of the Government of India Act, 1935; the State Legislature, therefore, could not make any law repugnant to the provisions of the Transfer of Property Act, unless the procedure prescribed under section 107 (2) of the Government of India Act, 1935, was followed. His Lordship observed that though assent of the Governor-General was obtained while enacting the 1946-
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