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2023 Supreme(Telangana) 509

IN THE HIGH COURT FOR THE STATE OF TELANGANA AT HYDERABAD
K. LAKSHMAN, P. SREE SUDHA, JJ.
Santosh Raj Dulam – Appellant
Versus
The State of Telangana – Respondent
Writ Petition No.10657 of 2023
Decided on : 02-08-2023

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant : Mr. Imran Khan, Lr.Sr.Counsel Representing Mr.Pramod Kumar, Lr. Counsel
For the Respondent: Mr. H.Venugopal, Rep.Mr.Ravi Kumar Vadlakonda

Headnote:(A) Writ of Habeas Corpus - Custody of Minor Child - Jurisdiction of Foreign Courts - The High Court considered the custody orders from the Superior Court of Washington, USA, determining that the welfare of the child is paramount. The petitioner alleged illegal custody violation by the respondent, who defended her actions invoking circumstances preventing return to the USA. The court ruled that the child’s placement with the respondent was not unlawful, as the child was well-rooted in India and not subject to illegal detention. (Paras 10, 11, 12, 40, 50, 52)

(B) Principle of Best Interest - The court reaffirmed that custody determinations must prioritize the child’s welfare, which includes consideration of their residency, environment, and health needs. (Paras 32, 40)

Facts of the case:
The petitioner sought to retrieve his minor son from the respondent, asserting the respondent had illegally retained the child in India, contrary to the orders of a Washington court. The child was born in the USA and was failing to return per court orders due to the respondent's personal circumstances.

Findings of Court:
The court found the minor child was not in illegal custody, affirming the respondent's right to keep the child in light of parental responsibilities and health considerations.

Issues: The core issue addressed was whether the minor child was in illegal custody, and if the foreign court's orders were enforceable in India.

Ratio Decidendi: The court held that while foreign custody orders merit consideration, the child's best interest overrides such orders, demonstrating the importance of local environmental roots and welfare.

Result: Writ petition disposed, maintaining the child's current custody arrangements.

Table of Content
1. custody disputes arise from international context. (Para 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6)
2. counterarguments regarding jurisdiction and custody. (Para 7)
3. legal standards for child custody and habeas corpus. (Para 8 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 17 , 18 , 20 , 21 , 30 , 31)
4. habeas corpus and intervention in child custody. (Para 14 , 15 , 16 , 19)
5. welfare of the child as paramount consideration. (Para 22 , 23 , 27 , 28)
6. doctrine of comity and first strike in custody matters. (Para 33 , 34 , 39 , 40)
7. court's decision on custody pending ongoing proceedings. (Para 42 , 44 , 49 , 50)
8. final disposition regarding custody and visitation rights. (Para 52 , 53)

ORDER :

K. LAKSHMAN, J.

Heard Mr. Imran Khan, learned Senior Counsel, representing Mr.Pramod Kumar, learned counsel for the petitioner, learned Special Government Pleader for respondent Nos.1 to 4, and Mr. H. Venugopal, learned Senior Counsel, representing Mr.Ravi Kumar Vadlakonda, learned counsel for 5th respondent.

2. This writ petition is filed to direct respondent Nos.2 to 4 to produce his minor son Divith Dulam, a US citizen by birth, holding US Passport bearing No.643488993, currently residing at Hanumakonda, from the illegal custody of respondent No.5 before the Court and give custody of the minor child to him along with his passport, visa papers and other travel documents to comply with the orders dated 27.01.2021 and 22.09.2022 in Case No.20-3-01808-06 inter alia modification orders of custody passed by the Superior Court of the State of Washington in and for Clark County.

CONTENTIONS OF THE PETITIONER:-

3. The petitioner got married 5th respondent on 07.11.2015 at Mayuri Gardens, Hanamakonda. Even prior to marriage, both of them were working in USA. It is an arranged marriage. After marriage, they left to USA. They blessed with baby child in USA on 22.02.2019. Thereafter, disputes arose between them. The petitioner filed a petition seeking judicial separation in October, 2020 before the Superior Court of the State of Washington and for Clark Country being Case No.20.03.01808-06. In the said petition, it was stated that both the petitioner and 5th respondent are staying separately from 26.09.2020.

4. Vide order dated 27.01.2021, the Superior Court at USA on hearing the arguments of the petitioner drawn up a temporary parenting plan giving the custody of the minor child to both the petitioner and 5th respondent as per the schedule stated in the order. According to the petitioner, 5th respondent contested the said order vehemently. The Superior Court of the State of Washington, USA also gave child support order and maintenance allowance to minor child order on the same day i.e. on 27.01.2021 directing the petitioner to pay monthly allowance of Rs.USD 805 per month for the necessities of the minor child. The said Court basing on the report of the child custody evaluator vide order dated 22.09.2022 modified its earlier order of parenting plan by amending the parental custody of minor child. Vide the said order, the petitioner was given custody of 5 days and the remaining days to respondent No.5 without there being a cooling period. On the request made by 5th respondent for international travel, the said Court also passed an order dated 22.09.2022 permitting 5th respondent and the minor child to travel India for a period of 45 days. Thus, there is categorical direction to 5th respondent wherein she is bound to return to USA before expiry of 45 days of their travel to India.

5. 5th respondent travelled to India with minor child on 22.09.2022 and was duty bound to return to USA on or before 04.11.2022 i.e. after expiry of 45 days. She failed to return to USA within the aforesaid period and therefore, the said Court issued show cause notice to 5th respondent directing her to appear. The same was not complied by her. The said proceedings are contempt proceedings.

6. According to the petitioner, 5th respondent, instead of returning to USA, filed a petition vide GWOP No.521 of

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