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2026 Supreme(Telangana) 42

IN THE HIGH COURT FOR THE STATE OF TELANGANA AT HYDERABAD
NAMAVARAPU RAJESHWAR RAO, J.
T. Sudhakar and others – Petitioners
Versus
The General Manager, Appellate Authority and another – Respondents
Writ Petition No.28658 of 2011 
Decided On : 28-01-2026 

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant : M SURENDER RAO
For the Respondent: SRINIVAS CHITTURU (SC FOR BANK OF BARODA)

Disciplinary dismissal based on financial misconduct was set aside due to lack of fair process and the employee's prior acquittal in criminal proceedings regarding identical charges.

Headnote:(A) Service Law - Disciplinary Action - Principles of Natural Justice - The petition concerns the dismissal of an employee on charges of financial irregularities without a fair opportunity for defense. The Enquiry Officer failed to summon key witnesses and relied heavily on co-employees’ statements, leading to an arbitrary dismissal. (Paras 2, 6, 13, 27, 28)

(B) Acquittal in Criminal Proceedings - The employee was acquitted in a criminal case concerning identical charges, which renders the disciplinary dismissal inappropriate, as both proceedings share the same context and evidence. (Paras 14, 27, 28)

Facts of the case:
The employee faced multiple charges of financial misconduct while working in a bank, leading to his suspension and eventual dismissal, despite presenting explanations against the allegations. (Paras 3-5, 7)

Findings of Court:
The court found the disciplinary proceedings flawed due to lack of a fair hearing and reliance on insufficient evidence. It ruled that the dismissal was unjust, especially since the employee was acquitted in criminal proceedings linked to the same allegations. (Paras 32-34)

Issues: Key issues included whether the employee was afforded due process during the investigation and whether the dismissal was justified given the acquittal in criminal court. (Paras 12, 27)

Ratio Decidendi: The court held that disciplinary proceedings do not adhere to the same evidentiary standard as criminal trials, but the principles of natural justice must still be observed. The acquittal in criminal proceedings significantly undermines the basis of the dismissal. (Paras 27, 28)

Result: Writ petition allowed; dismissal set aside and benefits directed to be paid to legal representatives. (Paras 33, 34)

Table of Content
1. factual background of petitioner's employment and allegations. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. petitioner's claims about inquiry process and unfair treatment. (Para 4 , 5 , 6 , 10 , 11)
3. legal standards in disciplinary proceedings. (Para 7 , 8 , 9)
4. investigative lapses and lack of supporting evidence against the petitioner. (Para 14 , 15 , 18 , 20)
5. significance of acquittal in criminal case on disciplinary action. (Para 23 , 25 , 28)
6. court's order to set aside dismissal and direct benefits payment. (Para 32 , 33 , 34)

ORDER :

NAMAVARAPU RAJESHWAR RAO, J.

This writ petition is filed, aggrieved by the proceedings dated 31.07.2010 and 26.05.2011 issued by respondent Nos.1 and 2, respectively.

2. During the pendency of the present writ petition, the petitioner died, and his legal representatives were brought on record as petitioner Nos.2 to 4.

3. Brief facts of the case are as follows :-

(a) The 1st petitioner was initially appointed as a Cashier in the respondent bank on 13.07.1982 at Kadipikonda Branch, Warangal and thereafter, he was promoted as Head Cashier in the year 1989 and Special Assistant in the year 1998 and posted at Kadipikonda Branch. In July 2007, the 1st petitioner was transferred to the Wadlapudi Branch.

(b) While the 1st petitioner was working at Kadipikonda Branch, the Assistant General Manager, Bank of Baroda, issued a Memo, dated 07.12.2007, stating that he had passed a cheque/an instrument in respect of Mrs. Afzal Bee, SBI A/c No.20510653 on 06.08.2007 for withdrawal of an amount of Rs.15,000/-. The 1st petitioner submitted an explanation on 28.12.2007 denying the allegation levelled against him. The 2nd respondent issued a Memo on 17.1.2008 in respect of the same issue and also a Memo dated 28.01.2008, alleging certain irregularities in the withdrawal of an amount of Rs.85,000/- from SB A/c No.2008204 in the name of Mr.S.Singh. The 1st petitioner submitted an explanation to the said Memo on 20.02.2008 denying the allegation levelled against him. While the matter stood thus, the 1st petitioner was suspended vide proceedings dated 18.02.2008.

(c) While so, the 2nd respondent issued another Memo on 01.04.2008 alleging that the 1st petitioner has withdrawn an amount of Rs.53,000/- from SB A/c.No. 2006032 of Mrs.Malanbi and Mr.Ghouse, joint account. The 1st petitioner submitted an explanation on 28.04.2008. The 2nd respondent issued another Memo on 28.06.2008 alleging withdrawal of an amount of Rs.35,000/- from SB A/c.No.13240100006202 of Mrs.Afzal Bee. The 1st petitioner submitted an explanation on 28.07.2008. The 2nd respondent issued another Memo on 17.11.2008, alleging the withdrawal of Rs.45,300/- from SB A/c.No.13420100001903 in the name of P.Sarojana. The 1st petitioner submitted an explanation on 08.12.2008 denying the allegations levelled against him.

(d) One Sri K.Vijaya Raju, Branch Manager, Warangal Branch, was appointed to investigate the withdrawal of an amount of Rs.15,000/- from the account of Ms.Afzal Bee. The Investigation Officer submitted his report on 27.11.2007, stating that the 1st petitioner and one Sri M.Satyanaraya are responsible for the alleged irregularities, and he also pointed out certain lapses on the part of other staff members.

(e) While the matter stood thus, the 2nd respondent issued another charge Memo, dated 24.06.2009, incorporating the above allegations and appointing Mr.M.Sheshagiri Rao, Chief Manager, Masabtank Branch, Hyderabad, as an Enquiry Officer and directed the 1st petitioner to submit a written statement (if any) to the Enquiry Officer. The 1st petitioner was permitted to defend by a representative of the Registered Trade Union of Bank employees. The Enquiry Officer issued a notice, dated 14.07.2009, stating that a preliminary hearing would be held on 01.08.2009 at 11:00 am at Bank of Baroda, Kadipikonda, and the 1st petitioner was directed to select the name of the defence representative. In the said meeting, on 01.08.2009, the 1st petitioner has given the na

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