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2025 Supreme(Online)(Ker) 58309

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM
ANIL K. NARENDRAN, MURALEE KRISHNA S, JJ
GEORGE DOMINIC – Appellant
Versus
KANJIRAPPALLY SERVICE CO-OPERATIVE BANKLTD – Respondent
WA NO. 2788 OF 2025 | WP(C) NO.12344 OF 2025



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: SRI.C.S.MANU
For the Respondents: SRI.P.C. SASIDAHARAN

Litigants must present all claims in one proceeding to uphold judicial efficiency and avoid res judicata principles, preventing piecemeal litigation.

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India - Article 226 - Writ of certiorari and mandamus - The appellant sought to quash a sale notice issued by a Co-operative Bank and requested time to clear his debts. The learned Single Judge dismissed the writ petition, stating the appellant failed to show bona fides after defaulting on previous payment terms. (Paras 4-8, 12-26)

(B) Res Judicata and Constructive Res Judicata - The court ruled that the appellant’s request in a subsequent petition was barred by the principle of constructive res judicata, emphasizing the necessity for litigants to bring forward all claims in one proceeding. (Paras 20-24)

(C) Judicial Efficiency - The court noted the importance of finality in litigation, referencing the 'Henderson Principle' that discourages piecemeal litigation. (Paras 25-28)

Facts of the case:
The appellant defaulted on loan repayment and sought an extension to clear debts due to a Co-operative Bank, following an earlier concession for installment payments. (Paras 1-6)

Findings of Court:
The learned Single Judge determined that the appellant did not make out a case for relief as he failed to comply with the previous judgment. (Para 8)

Issues: The main issues included the validity of the sale notice and the appellant's right to seek an extension for debt repayment after prior default. (Paras 9-11)

Ratio Decidendi: The court reiterated that a party must raise all relevant claims in one motion, thereby ensuring the finality of judicial decisions and preventing abuse of the judicial process by re-litigating settled matters. (Paras 20-28)

Result: Writ appeal dismissed.

Table of Content
1. writ petition filed to quash sale notice and seek time to pay debt. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. petitioner defaulted on payment; only partial payment made. (Para 4 , 5 , 6)
3. learned single judge found no bona fides in the petitioner's claim for extension. (Para 8 , 10 , 18)
4. petitioner argues against the dismissal of amendment application. (Para 11 , 14 , 19)
5. principles of constructive res judicata and henderson principle discussed. (Para 20 , 22 , 25)
6. writ appeal dismissed; default prevented subsequent petition for relief. (Para 29)

JUDGMENT

Anil K. Narendran, J.

The appellant filed W.P.(C) No.12344 of 2025, invoking the writ jurisdiction of this Court under Article 226 of the Constitution of India , seeking a writ of certiorari to quash Ext.P1 sale notice dated 07.03.2025 issued by the 2nd respondent Special Sale Officer of the 1st respondent Kanjirappally Service Co-operative Bank Ltd., which is a Co-operative Society; and a writ of mandamus commanding the respondents to grant a six month time to clear the alleged debt due to the 1st respondent Co- operative Society under Ext.P1 sale notice. The document marked as Ext.P2 is a copy of the objection dated 19.03.2025 made by the petitioner to Ext.P1 sale notice.

2. The appellant-petitioner is the respondent in E.P.No.452 of 2023 on the file of the 2nd respondent Special Sale Officer. The said execution petition was filed by the 1st respondent Co-operative Society for executing the award passed by the 2nd respondent, as the Arbitrator, in A.R.C.No.238 of 2021.

3. The appellant-petitioner had earlier approached this Court in W.P.(C)No.12671 of 2024, seeking a writ of mandamus commanding respondents 1 to 4 herein to stop all further proceedings pursuant to Ext.P5 notice dated 27.11.2023 issued by the 2nd respondent Special Sale Officer and Ext.P6 attachment notice dated 30.12.2023; and a writ of mandamus commanding respondents 1 to 4 herein to grant interest waiver, in accordance with the directions of the Apex Court, and circulars issued by the Reserve Bank of India and the Central Government, and allow him to remit the due amount in installments.

4. W.P.(C)No.12671 of 2024 was disposed of by Ext.P3 judgment dated 18.06.2024, granting liberty to the petitioner to pay Rs.42,86,034/- as on 11.06.2024, along with all applicable charges and interest, in 20 equal monthly installments, commencing from 30.07.2024. In Ext.P3 judgment, it was made clear that if the petitioner defaults payment of two installments, as ordered above, further action pursuant thereto can be taken, without obtaining further orders from this Court. Ext.P3 judgment dated 18.06.2024 of the learned Single Judge reads thus;

“When this matter was called today, the learned counsel for the respondent-Bank submitted that, the total outstanding in the loan account of the petitioner, as on 11.06.2024, is Rs.42,86,034/-; and that if he is willing to pay the same in not more than 20 equal monthly installments, his client will not stand in the way of this Court disposing of this writ petition on such terms.

2. Sri. C.P. Udayabhanu-learned counsel for the petitioner, fully agreed to the afore and prayed that this writ petition be thus ordered.

3. In the afore circumstances, I allow this writ petition, granting liberty to the petitioner to pay Rs.42,86,034/- as on 11.06.2024, along with all applicable charges and interest, in 20 equal monthly installments, commencing from 30.07.2024.

Needless to say, if the petitioner continues to pay as afore, all recovery action against the petitioner will stand deferred; but if he defaults payment of two installments as ordered above, further action pursuant thereto can be taken forward, without having to obtain further orders from this Court.” (underline supplied)

5. Going by the averments in paragraph 4 of the statement of facts in W.P.(C)No.12344 of 2025, pursuant to Ext.P3 judgment dated 18.06.2024 in W.P.(C)No.12671 of 2024, the petitioner remitted only an amount of Rs.5,25,000

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