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2025 Supreme(Online)(Mad) 33209

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
HONOURABLE MS. JUSTICE R. POORNIMA
revision petitioner – Appellant
Versus
1st respondent – Respondent
O.S.No.21 of 2021



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners:
For the Respondents:

Section 14 of the Tamil Nadu Land Encroachment Act bars Civil Courts from entertaining suits or granting injunctions related to Government Poramboke land encroachment without exhausting statutory appeal and revision remedies under the Act.

Headnote:(A) Tamil Nadu Land Encroachment Act, 1905 - Sections 7, 10, 10(A), and 14 - Civil Procedure Code, Order 7 Rule 11 - Article 227 of the Constitution of India - Bar of jurisdiction of Civil Courts in matters involving encroachment on Government Poramboke land - Section 14 bars Civil Court from entertaining suits or granting injunctions where authorities act under this Act.(Paras 3,4,5,19,20,21)

(B) Jurisdiction and maintainability - No suit for declaration and injunction can be entertained by Civil Court without exhausting the statutory remedies of appeal and revision provided under the Act - Direct approach to High Court under Article 227 to strike suit/pint is generally not maintainable except in exceptional circumstances.(Paras 10,11,12,19,20)

(C) Evidentiary and procedural aspect - While Civil Court cannot decide title over Government Poramboke land, it may entertain claims of adverse possession only if raised promptly before authorities and not after initiation of eviction proceedings under the Act.(Para 6)

Facts of the case:
The plaintiff filed a suit for declaration of ownership and injunction over a portion of land classified as Government Poramboke land, despite earlier rejection of patta application by revenue authorities and issuance of encroachment notice. The defendant argued the suit is barred by Section 14 of the Tamil Nadu Land Encroachment Act, and no Civil Court has jurisdiction to entertain such suit without following statutory appeal and revision remedies.

Findings of Court:
The Court held that the Act bars jurisdiction of Civil Courts over matters related to eviction or possession of Government Poramboke land, and the plaint is liable to be struck off as the plaintiff failed to avail statutory remedies first. The High Court under Article 227 may strike plaint only in exceptional cases if the suit is barred by statute. The suit and injunction granted by Trial Court are improper.

Issues: Whether the Civil Court has jurisdiction to entertain a suit for declaration and injunction over Government Poramboke land where statutory remedies under the Tamil Nadu Land Encroachment Act have not been exhausted. Whether the plaint is liable to be struck off under Order 7 Rule 11 CPC or by exercise of powers under Article 227 of Constitution.

Ratio Decidendi: The Court ruled that Section 14 of the Tamil Nadu Land Encroachment Act unequivocally bars the jurisdiction of Civil Courts over suits involving encroachment proceedings under the Act. Suit for declaration or injunction in respect of Government Poramboke land without pursuing statutory appeal or revision is not maintainable, and striking off plaint in such cases is justified. High Court’s power under Article 227 is to be exercised sparingly and is not a substitute for statutory remedies.(Paras 5,6,10,11,19,20,21)

Result: Civil Revision Petition allowed. The plaint in O.S.No.21 of 2021 is struck off. No costs.

Table of Content
1. final order striking plaint and dismissing petition (Para 1)
2. factual background on suit and disputed poramboke land (Para 2 , 3 , 16)
3. arguments on statutory bar under tamil nadu land encroachment act (Para 4 , 5 , 8 , 9 , 13 , 19)
4. court reasoning on jurisdiction bar, procedural remedies, and precedents (Para 6 , 7 , 11 , 12 , 14 , 15 , 17 , 18 , 20 , 21)

ORDER

This civil revision petition has been filed to call for the records relating to the plaint in O.S.No.21 of 2021 on the file of the Sub Court, Srivilliputhur and strike off the same.

2. The revision petitioner/6th defendant states that the 1st respondent herein had filed a Suit before the Sub Court, Srivilliputhur in O.S.No.21 of 2021 for the relief of declaration, declaring the 3rd item of the scheduled property in S.No.386/9 i.e., the lane belongs to the 1st respondent and for consequential injunction restraining the petitioner and other from interfering the peaceful possession and enjoyment over the 3rd item of suit scheduled property which is a Lane and classified as Government Poramboke land in the revenue records.

3. The revision petitioner/6th defendant having its office adjoining to the lands using the common land along with the other adjacent owner. The plaintiff is the encroacher of the Government land and constructed a building. Therefore, the 4th defendant/Tahsildar issued an encroachment notice under Section 7 of the Tamil Nadu Land Encroachment Act, 1905 against which the 1st respondent filed W.P. (MD)No.146312 of 2020, in which he had stated that the subject matter of the land is a 'Natham land' and seeks patta. While disposing of the writ petition, this Court directed the Tahsildar to call for an explanation to the 1st respondent / 1st plaintiff within 2 weeks from the date of receipt of the order. On 15.12.2020 the 1st respondent / Plaintiff has made explanation to the 5th respondent on receipt of the same 5th respondent should pass order within 6 weeks. Thereafter, the Tahsildar of Rajapalayam under a memo no e/f/m 6/2596/2020 dated 06.01.2021 holding that passed an order in S.No.386/9 to an extent of 0.00.13.0 sq.ft of land has been classified as Government Poramboke land in the revenue records and the lane and rejected the request of the plaintiff and directed the plaintiff remove the encroachment.

4. The revision petitioner/6th defendant further argued that as per Section 10 of the Tamil Nadu Land Encroachment Act, 1905 , any decision or order passed by a Tahsildar or Deputy Tahsildar under this Act, an appeal shall be preferred before the District Collector and to the Commissioner of Land Administration from any decision or order of a District Collector passed otherwise than on appeal. Section 10 (A) of the , contemplates any decision or order passed under Revision, this Act may be revised either suo motu or on (a) application by the District Collector, if such decision or order was passed by a Deputy Tahsildar, Tahsildar or Collector, (b) by the commissioner of land administration if such decsion or order passed by any officer other then the appellate authority, (c) by the State Government if such decision or order was passed by the appellate authority or the Commissioner of Land Administration

5. He further argued that under Section 14 of the Tamil Nadu Land Encroachment Act, 1905 , there is a bar of jurisdiction of Courts notwithstanding anything contained in any law for the time being in force no order passed or proceeding taken by any officer or authority or the State Government under this Act shall be called in question in any court, in any suit or application and no injunction shall be granted by any court in respect of any action taken or to be taken by such officer or authority or the State Government in pursuance of any power conferred by or under this Act and he had filed a suit seeking exclusive right over the property by misleading the court by stating that he is in possession and enjoyment of the property and

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