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2026 Supreme(Mad) 2035

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
P. Dhanabal, J.
Kaliyaperumal - Appellant
Versus
Pachaiyammal - Respondent
S.A.No.506 of 2016 and C.M.P. No.8915 of 2016
Decided On : 25-02-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant : Mr.N.Suresh
For the Respondent: Mrs.T.Jayalakshmi for M/s.Paul & Paul

The absence of evidence proving the joint family status of properties allows a presumption that they are individual assets; thus, plaintiffs' claim for partition is dismissed.

Headnote:(A) Partition - Hindu Succession Act - Suit for partition filed by daughters against father alleging properties as joint family properties - Trial Court decreed suit, confirming properties as ancestral - First Appellate Court upheld this decree - Second appeal questioned character of properties; Court found no evidence of ancestral property income - Plaintiffs failed to substantiate claims regarding ancestral inheritance or separate property status. (Paras 10, 15, 20)

(B) Burden of Proof - The plaintiffs bear the burden to demonstrate that properties constitute joint family assets; failure to provide substantive evidence results in dismissal of claims. (Paras 19)

Facts of the case:
Plaintiffs claimed entitlement to ancestral properties, asserting both items were acquired through income generated from joint family lineage. Father (defendant) contested, maintaining properties were acquired via personal earnings, lacking evidence for income from ancestral origins.

Findings of Court:
The absence of credible evidence confirming ancestral property income or the joint family status of suit properties led to the dismissal of plaintiffs' claims and reversal of previous judgments.

Issues: The core issues involved whether properties were joint family assets or individually acquired; the allocation of the burden of proof in establishing joint family status.

Ratio Decidendi: The court concluded that the mere assertion of joint family property without evidentiary support cannot substantiate claims, emphasizing the necessity of proving ancestral connection and income provenance.

Result: Appeal allowed; previous judgments set aside, and the suit dismissed.

Table of Content
1. plaintiffs and defendant's background in property ownership. (Para 1 , 3 , 4)
2. key issues framed by courts regarding property. (Para 5 , 8 , 10)
3. plaintiff's claim of ancestral property and joint ownership. (Para 12 , 13)
4. evidence and burden of proof on plaintiffs regarding property claims. (Para 15 , 16 , 18 , 19)
5. final court decision to allow the appeal and dismiss the suit. (Para 20 , 21)

JUDGMENT :

P. Dhanabal, J.

The second appeal has been preferred as against the judgment and decree dated 06.11.2015 passed by the Additional Subordinate Court, Tindivanam in A.S.No.17 of 2013. The respondents 1 and 2 herein have filed the main suit for the relief of partition as against the appellant and the respondents 3 & 4 herein and the suit was decreed by granting partition in favour of the plaintiffs. Aggrieved by the said decree and judgment, the first defendant has preferred an appeal in A.S.No.17 of 2013. The First Appellate Court also dismissed the appeal confirming the judgment of the Trial Court. Aggrieved over the said decree and judgment, the present second appeal has been filed by the first defendant.

2. For the sake of convenience, the parties are referred to as per their rank in the Trial Court and at appropriate places, their rank in the present second appeal would also be indicated.

3. The brief averments of the plaint are as follows :

The plaintiffs are the daughters of the first defendant. The father of the plaintiffs and the first defendant had own ancestral properties at Marur Village. The first item of the suit property is ancestral property of the first defendant and the second item of the suit property has been purchased through the income of the ancestral property in the name of the first defendant. Therefore, both the properties are Hindu Undivided Joint Family properties of the plaintiffs and the first defendant. Apart from these properties, the plaintiffs' grandmother, namely, Muniyammal possessed the second item of the suit properties and other properties. The said Muniyammal had two sons, namely, Subramaniya Mudaliar and Arumugam. After the demise of the said Muniyammal, her two sons inherited the said properties. Subramaniya Mudaliar was doing business in Trichy and he settled there and died 25 years back leaving behind his wife and three daughters as his legal heirs. The first defendant out of the funds derived from the sale of ancestral property at Marur village purchased the second item of the suit property through sale deed dated28.07.1993 and all the suit properties are under common and joint possession and enjoyment of the plaintiffs and the first defendant. The first defendant left Marur village 25 year back and settled at Peramandur village. Therefore, the plaintiffs each are entitled to 1/3rd share and the first defendant is entitled to 1/3rd share of the suit properties. The first defendant deserted his wife and now living with another woman for past seven years at Tindivanam. Therefore, the plaintiffs demanded their lawful share. But the first defendant evaded to partition over the properties. Therefore, filed the suit.

4. The brief averments of the written statement filed by the first defendant are as follows :

It is true that the plaintiffs are daughters of the first defendant. It is false to state that he deserted his first wife and living with another woman. It is false to state that the first item of the suit property is ancestral property and through ancestral property, income was derived and through that income the second item of the suit property was purchased. In fact, the first defendant from his tender age was doing Mason work and thereby purchased the second item of the suit property. The averments in respect of the property belonged to Muniyammal is also denied as false. The first defendant has performed marriage to the first plaintiff in the year 1997 and he incurred huge expenses for the marriage and thereby he sold the first item of the suit property to one Sundar

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