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2026 Supreme(Mad) 1854

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
C. SARAVANAN, J.
J. Sivasubramanian – Petitioner
Versus
Assistant Commissioner of GST and Central Excise, Pallikarnai Division, Chennai South Commissionerate, Chennai - Respondent
W.P.Nos.8366 of 2025 & 6874 of 2026 and W.M.P.No.9389 of 2025 & W.M.P.Nos.7476 & 7481 of 2026
Decided On : 26-03-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioner: Mr. Hari Radhakrishnan
For the Respondent: Mr. K.S. Ramaswamy, Senior Standing Counsel.

Statutory recovery provisions do not authorize the attachment of a director’s personal bank account to discharge the tax liabilities of a company, as garnishee powers are legally confined to the assets of the specific assessee entity.

Headnote:(A) Finance Act, 1994 - Section 87 - Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017 - Sections 89(1) and 174(2)(e) - Recovery of tax arrears - Liability of director for corporate tax dues - Attachment of personal bank account - Sustainability. The legal framework governing recovery does not authorize the attachment of a director’s personal bank account to satisfy tax liabilities owed by a corporate entity. Garnishee proceedings are specifically limited to funds belonging to the assessee. (Paras 14-17, 20)

(B) Interpretation of Statutes - Attachment of assets - Statutory provisions for recovery against an assessee - Whether extendable to company directors - Held, such provisions confer no power to reach personal assets of directors for corporate arrears as it contradicts fundamental principles of corporate liability. (Paras 16, 20)

Facts of the case:
Authorities issued a recovery notice and placed a lien on the personal bank account of a director to recover outstanding tax arrears owed by a company. The petitioner challenged these actions, arguing that the statutes provided no authority for the personal account of a director to be attached for the company's liabilities. The payment of the individual penalty imposed on the petitioner had already been discharged.

Findings of Court:
The court determined that the invoked statutory provisions for recovery allow for the attachment of funds only when they belong to the assessee. Since the tax liability belonged to the company and not to the individual director, the freezing of the petitioner's personal bank account was beyond the scope of the law.

Issues: Whether the personal bank account of a director can be attached for the recovery of tax dues owed by the company and whether the statutory recovery mechanisms permit such action.

Ratio Decidendi: Statutory provisions for recovery are limited to the assets belonging to the assessee. In the absence of specific legislative authorization, the veil of a corporate entity cannot be pierced to recover tax dues from a director's personal bank account via garnishee proceedings, as such actions contravene the basic principles of corporate liability.

Result: Writ petitions allowed.

Table of Content
1. procedural consolidation for connected petitions. (Para 1 , 11 , 12)
2. factual background of tax liability and bank lien enforcement. (Para 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 18 , 19)
3. rival arguments on valid recovery mechanisms under legacy statutes. (Para 7 , 8 , 9 , 10)
4. limited scope of finance act 1994 regarding director liability. (Para 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17)
5. invalidity of attaching personal assets for company tax dues. (Para 20 , 21 , 22 , 23)

COMMON ORDER :

C. SARAVANAN, J.

By this common order, both these writ petitions are being disposed of, as they are connected and arise out of the same facts and circumstances.

2. In W.P.No.8366 of 2025, the petitioner challenged the impugned Recovery Notice dated 30.10.2024 issued by the 1st respondent, wherein an amount was sought to be recovered pursuant to the Order-in-Original No.1/2020 dated 28.02.2020.

3. In W.P.No.6874 of 2026, the petitioner sought to lift the lien of Rs.64,52,000/- marked against the petitioner’s bank account bearing Account No.922010024838131 maintained with the 2nd Respondent Bank and further sought a direction to the 1st Respondent to refrain from recovering the dues payable by M/s. RU Information Technologies Pvt. Ltd. under Order-in-Original No. 1/2020 dated 28.02.2020 from the petitioner.

4. The Order-in-Original No.1/2020 dated 28.02.2020 was passed against the Company M/s. RU Information Technologies Private Limited, following Show Cause Notice (SCN) No.01/2019(ST) dated 16.04.2019, in which the petitioner herein was a Director.

5. By the said Order-in-Original, the following demands were confirmed against M/s. RU Information Technologies Private Limited, including a penalty of Rs.1 Lakh imposed on the petitioner.

“8(i) I confirm the demand of Rs.31,01,304 /- (Rupees Thirty-One Lakhs One Thousand Three Hundred and four only) being the Service Tax (including Cesses), payable on the value of Information Technology Service provided by M/s. Ru Information Technologies Private Limited during the period from Oct. 2013 to Mar. 2017 under the provisions of Section 73(2) of FA, 1994 and direct them to pay the same forthwith;

8(ii) 1 confirm the demand of interest at appropriate rate on delayed payment of service tax determined to be payable at para. No. 8(i) above from M/s. Ru Information Technologies Private Limited under the provisions of Section 75 of the FA, 1994;

8(iii) I impose a penalty of Rs.31,01,304/-(Rupees Thirty-One Lakhs One Thousand Three Hundred and four only) on M/s. Ru Information Technologies Private Limited under the provisions of Section 78 of FA, 1994. As per the proviso to Sec. 78 of FA, 1994, if service tax and interest determined to be payable is paid within a period of thirty days of the date of receipt of this order the penalty payable shall be twenty-five percent of the service tax determined to be payable at above. The benefit of reduced penalty shall be available only if the amount of such reduced penalty is also paid within Thirty days;

8(iv) Since, penalty under the provisions of Section 78 of FA, 1994 has been imposed, I do not impose any penalty under the provisions of Section 76 of the FA, 1994;

The benefit of reduced penalty shall be available only if the amount of such reduced penalty is also paid within Thirty days;

8(iv) Since, penalty under the provisions of Section 78 of FA, 1994 has been imposed, I do not impose any penalty under the provisions of Section 76 of the FA, 1994;

8(v) M/s. Ru Information Technologies Private Limited are also liable for payment of late fee of Rs.1,40,000/- (Rupees One Lakh Forty thousand only) for non-filing of ST-3 returns for the period 2013-14 to 2016-17 under the provisions of Section 70 of FA, 1994 read with Rule 7C of STR, 1994.

8(vi) 1 impose a penalty of Rs. 10,000/- (Rupees. Ten thousand only) under Section 77 of the FA, 1994 on M/s. Ru Information Technologies Private Limited for the reasons mentioned in para. 6.6 above;

8(vii) 1 impose a penalty of Rs.1,00,000/-(Rupees. One Lakh onl

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