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2026 Supreme(Online)(Mad) 80132

BEFORE THE MADURAI BENCH OF MADRAS HIGH COURT
G.R. Swaminathan, M.D. Sumathi, JJ
R. Muthukumar – Appellant
Versus
J.R. Lekha @ Vennila – Respondent
C.M.A.(MD)No.672 of 2021



Important Points

Doubting a spouse's character constitutes cruelty. Under Section 15 of the Hindu Marriage Act, a dismissal of an appeal for non-prosecution allows a divorced spouse to remarry lawfully, rendering any subsequent restoration of the appeal infructuous if remarriage has occurred.

Subject

Civil Law - Matrimonial Law

Act Referred

Headnote

(A) Matrimonial Law - Cruelty - Doubting the character and chastity of the spouse, whether explicitly or by insinuation, constitutes mental cruelty under Section 13(1)(i-a) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, making conjugal company incompatible. (Para 9)

(B) Matrimonial Law - Desertion - Indifference towards the spouse coupled with a failure to maintain children constitutes willful neglect and constructive desertion under Section 13(1)(i-b) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955. (Para 10)

(C) Remarriage - Section 15 of the Hindu Marriage Act - Effect of dismissal for non-prosecution - The term "dismissed" in Section 15 includes dismissal for default or non-prosecution; once an appeal is dismissed for default, the restriction on remarriage is lifted, rendering a subsequent restoration of the appeal infructuous if the spouse has already remarried. (Para 16)

Issues: Whether the Court below was justified in granting divorce on grounds of cruelty and whether the appeal became infructuous due to the respondent's remarriage.

Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: P.R. Prithiviraj
For the Respondents: S. Manojkumar

Table of Content
1. factual background of marriage, divorce proceedings, and subsequent remarriage. (Para 1 , 2 , 7 , 8 , 11 , 12)
2. rival contentions regarding the validity of the divorce decree. (Para 3 , 4)
3. doubting spouse's character and indifference constitute cruelty and constructive desertion. (Para 9 , 10)
4. legal analysis of section 15 hma regarding remarriage pending appeal. (Para 13 , 14 , 15)
5. appeal dismissed as infructuous due to remarriage following dismissal for default. (Para 16 , 17)

JUDGMENT

(By G.R.Swaminathan, J.)

The respondent in H.M.O.P No.361 of 2017 on the file of the Family Court, Tiruchirappalli is the appellant before us.

2. The marriage between the appellant and the respondent was solemnized on 03.06.2001 at Ramanathapuram as per the Hindu rites and customs. Two children were born through the wedlock. Alleging that the appellant had committed cruelty and was also guilty of desertion, the respondent filed H.M.O.P No.361 of 2017. The appellant filed counter. Based on the rival pleadings, the Court below framed the necessary issues. The respondent herein examined herself as PW.1 and marked Exs.P1 to P5. The appellant examined himself as RW.1. After hearing both the parties and considering the evidence on record, the trial court allowed the HMOP filed by the respondent vide order dated 03.03.2021. Aggrieved by the same, this appeal has been filed.

3.The learned counsel appearing for the appellant reiterated all the contentions set out in the grounds of appeal and called upon this Court to set aside the impugned order and dismiss the HMOP.

4.Per contra, the learned counsel for the respondent submitted that the impugned order is well reasoned and that it does not call for any interference. It was further submitted that since the respondent herein had remarried in the meanwhile, the appeal itself has become infructuous.

5.We carefully considered the rival contentions and went through the evidence on record.

6.The points that arise for determination are twofold.

(i) Whether the Court below was justified in granting the relief of divorce to the respondent herein on the ground of cruelty?

(ii) Whether this appeal has become infructuous on the ground of remarriage by the respondent herein?

7.It is seen that the respondent herein is none other than the appellant's maternal uncle's daughter. There is an age gap of 11 years between them. When their marriage took place, the respondent was in her college first year. A girl child was born on 13.01.2004. A male child was born on 08.05.2006. In the intervening period, the respondent herein was pursuing post graduation studies(MCA). While the appellant herein became a Group IV employee, the respondent herein acquired M.Tech(IT) qualification and joined as Assistant Professor in a private engineering college. In Paragraph No. 14(d) of the counter, the appellant had alleged that the respondent herein used to speak to someone on phone continuously and that he made enquiries with their daughter about the person to whom the respondent herein was talking.

8.The court below after a careful consideration of the testimony adduced on either side, noted that the appellant had doubted the character and conduct of the respondent herein. The appellant herein had made enquiries about the respondent herein with the security guard of their residential quarters. By his own admission, the appellant had posed certain queries to the daughter. When the respondent herein had left for Chennai on 13.08.2015, the appellant herein quarreled with the respondent's parents and also made enquiries in the college.

9.Doubting one's character would constitute cruelty within the meaning of Section 13(1)(i-a) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955. This can be explicit or by insinuation. The averments set out in the appellant's counter indicate the suspicion lingering in his mind about the conduct of the respondent. It is this seed of suspicion that soon takes a firm root and in due course makes conjugal c

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