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2026 Supreme(Online)(NCLT) 2987

NATIONAL COMPANY LAW TRIBUNAL
Bidisha Banerjee, Judicial Member, Siddharth Mishra, Technical Member
UCO Bank – Appellant
Versus
Nandini Impex Private Limited – Respondent
CP(IB) No. 1377/KB/2020 | I.A. (IBC) No. 2029/KB/2024



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Rishav Banerjee, Saurav Jain, Pratim Bayal, Zeba Khan, Pooja Sah, Shaunak Mitra, Dripto Majumdar, Aditya Kanodia, Pratik Dutta, Meenakshi Manot, Sarmishtha Ghosh, Ranit Ray, Rahul Auddy, Aditya Gooptu

The approval of a resolution plan under the insolvency code binds all stakeholders, ensuring a clean slate for the corporate debtor. Prior claims not included in the plan are extinguished, and criminal liability of the corporate debtor is wiped off upon change of management, excluding individual liability.

Headnote:(A) Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 - Sections 30, 31, 32A, 60(5) - Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Insolvency Resolution Process for Corporate Persons) Regulations, 2016 - Regulations 38 and 39 - Approval of Resolution Plan - Commercial wisdom of committee of creditors - Extinguishment of prior claims - Clean slate principle - Criminal liability of corporate debtor.

(B) The adjudicating authority has limited jurisdiction in approving a resolution plan, focusing on compliance with statutory provisions rather than substituting commercial terms. Once approved, the plan binds all stakeholders, ensuring the corporate debtor starts with a fresh slate. Claims not included in the plan stand extinguished. Criminal liability of the corporate debtor is wiped off upon change of management, though individuals responsible for prior offenses remain liable. (Paras 16, 17, 23, 26)

Facts of the case:
An application was filed by the resolution professional seeking approval of a resolution plan submitted by a successful applicant. The process involved multiple rounds of bidding, valuation, and committee of creditors' approval. The committee of creditors unanimously approved the plan, finding it feasible and viable for the revival of the corporate debtor.

Findings of Court:
The court found the resolution plan compliant with all statutory requirements. Reliefs and waivers were granted only to the extent of the court's jurisdiction. The court emphasized that the plan provides a fresh start for the corporate debtor, extinguishing prior claims and liabilities not specifically included.

Issues: Whether the resolution plan is compliant with the code and regulations, and the extent to which reliefs, waivers, and concessions can be granted by the adjudicating authority.

Ratio Decidendi: The adjudicating authority must respect the commercial wisdom of the committee of creditors. Approval of the plan creates a binding effect on all stakeholders, effectively wiping out prior claims and criminal liabilities of the corporate debtor, thereby facilitating a clean slate for the new management.

Result: Resolution plan approved.

Table of Content
1. procedural compliance and factual background of the cirp process. (Para 4 , 5 , 6 , 7)
2. coc's 100% approval of a resolution plan confirms its commercial viability. (Para 8 , 9 , 10)

Per Bidisha Banerjee, Member (Judicial):

1. The Court convened through hybrid mode.

2. Ld. Counsel for the parties were heard at length.

3. This application has been preferred by the Resolution Professional of Nandini Impex Private Limited (CD) to seek approval of Resolution Plan in its entirety along with all annexures, Schedule, Appendixes including the claims contained therein as submitted by OSWAL Energies Limited, the Successful Resolution Applicant (SRA in short)

along with reliefs and concessions sought for under the Plan.

4. The Resolution Plan of OSWAL Energies Limited has been approved by CoC by 100% vote on and OSWAL Energies Limited was declared as Successful Resolution Applicant (SRA) in respect of the Corporate Debtor.

5. Submissions of the Applicant / Resolution Professional a. The CIRP of Corporate Debtor commenced on 20.09.2022. In the said order, Mr. Santanu Bhattacharjee having was appointed as the Interim Resolution Professional.

b. The Applicant / Pratim Bayal, Insolvency Professional having IBBI Registration No. IBBI/IPA-003/IP-N00213/2018- 2019/12385 has been appointed as Resolution Professional replacing the erstwhile RP Mr. Santanu Bhattacharjee by an order dated 20.02.2025.

c. The erstwhile RP has made Public Announcement on in ‘Form A’

in two newspapers namely Financial Express (English), and Ek- din on 25.01.2023 inviting the claims from the Creditors of the Corporate Debtor and thereafter the CoC was constituted and the same was informed to this Tribunal vide an IA 404 of 2023 on

16.02.2023.

In CP(IB) No. 1377/( KB) /2020 d. Further, the erstwhile RP appointed two valuers namely Shymal Mukherjee & Pranab Kumar Chakraborty for the Securities or Financial Assets and they have submitted their report on

02.05.2023 and 04.05.2023 respectively.

e. It is further submitted that during the course of the CIRP, valuation was challenged by one of RA before this Tribunal and the erstwhile RP with the permission of the CoC again conducted the valuation of the plant & machinery of the Corporate Debtor and a revised report received from the valuers on 03.09.2024. Copy of the same are annexed with the Resolution Plan application as Annexure-J.

f. Thereafter, the erstwhile RP had published the ‘Form G’ to invite the interested bidder for the resolution of the Corporate Debtor on 09.04.2023 and the same was widely circulated in newspapers namely Ekdin (Bengali) and Financial Express (English). In this respect, five different Expression of Interest were received from the Resolution Applicants namely Trenchless Engineering Services Private Limited, Lumino Industries Ltd, Mount Infra Finance Private Limited, Navneet Garg, Mideast Pipeline Products but only one Resolution Plan was received from Mideast Pipeline Products. However, after much deliberation the CoC has observed that the amount proposed by Mideast is not at all acceptable therefore, erstwhile RP further requested to Mideast for revised resolution plan with an incremental value.

g. Thereafter, the CoC had decided to issue fresh ‘from G’ on

09.04.2023 and 29.06.2023, during the CIRP period and the CoC has rejected the sole resolution plan of Mideast Pipeline Products in the 11th CoC Meeting held on 11.10.2023.

h. Thereafter on 12th COC meeting held on 04.12.2023, the above facts were discussed at length and considering the above facts, In CP(IB) No. 1377/( KB) /2020 the COC members has decided to sent the Corporate Debtor into liquidation and in this connection all necessary resolutions were passed by the member of the COC. Thereafter an application under section 33(1) of the IBC, 2016 was filed being numbered as 2100 of 2023 before the NCLT Kolkata bench on 20.12.2023 for the initiation of liquidation proceeding.

i. Thereafter, being aggrieved by the decision of COC, the sole Reso

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