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2025 Supreme(Raj) 2505

HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN BENCH AT JAIPUR
SANJEEV PRAKASH SHARMA, ACJ, SANJEET PUROHIT, J.
Rajendra Kumar Sharma S/o Govindlal Sharma – Appellant 
Versus
State of Rajasthan – Respondent
D.B. Civil Writ Petition No. 7411 of 2025
Decided On : 27-11-2025

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant : Vinod Kumar Tamoliya
For the Respondents: M.M. Ranjan, Abhishek Pareek, Rohan Agarwal, Shikha Sharma, G.S. Gill

Public Interest Litigation must be pursued in genuine public interest, not personal motives; misuse thereof may lead to dismissal with costs.

Headnote:(A) Public Interest Litigation - Definition and Abuse - Clarification of buffer zone regulations for construction near water bodies; necessity for genuine public interest vs. personal motives discussed. Legal Framework: Rajasthan Township Policy, 2024, Clause 3.6 - Court reiterated the importance of maintaining a buffer zone of 20 meters from river banks for public safety. (Paras 4, 8, 16-20)

(B) Court's authority over Public Interest Litigations - Courts must ensure that PILs are not misused for personal or political motives. 'Clean hands' doctrine emphasized for those approaching the courts with PILs. (Paras 10-12, 14-17).

(C) Outcome regarding encroachments near water bodies; previous orders clarified. Cannot allow individual grievances to masquerade as public interest litigation. (Para 16-19)

Facts of the case:
The petition was initiated regarding encroachments on river banks and the maintenance of a buffer zone, raised by individuals allegedly failing to disclose their personal litigations.

Findings of Court:
Clarification issued that a buffer zone of 10 meters shall be maintained on each side of rivers/Nalas amidst concerns of misusing public interest claims.

Issues: Adequacy of buffer zone regulations, motives behind the PIL petition questioned, and validity of parties' claims examined.

Ratio Decidendi: Court emphasized that public interest litigation should not serve personal agendas and must be approached with genuine intent; misuse can lead to dismissal of such petitions with costs imposed.

Result: PIL closed with costs imposed on petitioners for abuse of process.

Table of Content
1. consideration of encroachment orders (Para 2 , 3 , 4)
2. claims of land ownership and buffer zone clarification (Para 5 , 6 , 7)
3. clarified buffer zone dimensions (Para 8)
4. objecting to the maintainability of the pil (Para 9)
5. principles governing public interest litigation (Para 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16)
6. final judgment on integrity of petitioners and costs imposed (Para 17 , 18)
7. closure of pil proceedings and cost forfeitures (Para 19 , 20 , 21)

ORDER :

1. Heard.

2. The matter comes upon for consideration of IA NO.2/25 for recalling/modification of the order dated 19.08.2025.

3. This Court vide order dated 19.08.2025 has passed the following directions :

“Mr. Vishwajeet Singh, Sub Divisional Magistrate, Distt.

Baran, is present before this Court today and informed that he has been appointed as Officer In-charge in the matter only on 19.08.2025. He may file a reply but we direct him to also take steps and conduct an inquiry as to how much encroachment has been done on the river banks and what steps are being taken to remove them.

Notice(s) be issued to the encroachers and the encroachments may be removed. If required, the S.D.M may take full police assistance for the said purpose. It is made clear that at least 20 meters from river banks should be left free without there being any construction, so that there is proper safety of the dwellers.

A report in this regard shall be filed within a period of four weeks. Personal appearance of the Officer In-charge in future, is exempted.

List the matter after four weeks.”

4. Later on, this Court on 07.10.2025 has issued following directions:-

“10. It is informed that as per the Rajasthan Township Policy,2024, Clause 3.6, Note (ii), in case a River/Nala is to be channelized, buffer shall be kept as per development plan or minimum of 9 meters whichever is more.

11. In the present case, we have directed for keeping the buffer zone of 20 meters, taking into consideration the flow of the river, we deem it appropriate to continue the buffer zone of 20 meters, as appropriate, for the safety of public at large.”

5. Counsel for the respondents submitted that they are rightful owners of the land situated at Khasra No.1783 and 1782 having valid title deeds issued by the Nagar Palika, Baran in their favour. Counsel for the respondents further submits that so far as the encroachments upon the catchment area is concerned, the same has already been removed by demolishing the shops.

6. Counsel for the respondents has prayed for clarification with regard to the directions issued by this Court for maintaining buffer zone of 20 meters.

7. While drawing attention of this Court to the Rajasthan Township Policy, 2024, Clause 3.6, Note (ii), which provides that in case a River/Nala is to be channelized, buffer shall be kept as per the development plan or minimum of 09 meters whichever is more, counsel for the respondents submitted that the direction with regard to maintaining of a buffer zone of 20 meters shall be clarified while specifying the size of the buffer zone on both the sides of Nala/River. For ready reference Clause 3.6 of the Rajasthan Township Policy, 2024 is quoted herein below:

3.6 Provisions for Buffer along Water-bodies Buffer along water bodies, which are not notified under any Act/ statute/Master plan/ Zonal Plan, is proposed to be kept as per following provisions:

a) Minimum 30 m from HFL or revenue boundary of rivers whichever is higher. (HFL of river shall be fixed as certified by the Irrigation Department).

b) Minimum 30 m from the FTL boundary of Lakes/ Tanks of area 10 ha. And above.

c) Minimum 12 m from FTL boundary of Lakes/ Tanks of area 5ha. To 10 ha.

d) Minimum 9 m from FTL boundary of Lakes/ Tanks of area less than 5 ha;

e) Minimum 9 m from the defined boundary of Canal/Nala/Storm Water Drain of width more than 10 m.

f) Minimum 6 m from the defined boundary of Canal/ Nala/ small water bodies/ Storm Water Drain of width up to 10 m.

g) Minimum 6 m along all sides from t

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