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2024 MarsdenLR 618

HIGH COURT MALAYA TAIPING
ONG SAW YONG & ORS – Appellant
Versus
MENTERI DI JABATAN PERDANA MENTERI (PARLIMEN DAN UNDANG-UNDANG) & ANOR – Respondent
[Originating Summons No: AB-24NCVC-240-11-2022]



Petitioner Advocates:T Manoharan,Muhammad Waf Abdullah ,Respondent Advocate: Ahmad Hanir Hambaly @ Arwi,Liyana Muhammad Fuad

The amendments to the Courts of Judicature Act 1964 are constitutional, limiting appeal rights to enhance judicial efficiency without infringing fundamental liberties.

Headnote:(A) Courts of Judicature Act 1964 – Sections 28(1) and 68(1) – Constitutionality of amendments – Plaintiffs challenged amendments as ultra vires Articles 5(1) and 10(1)(a) of the Federal Constitution, claiming denial of appeal rights – Court found amendments did not infringe constitutional rights and served to expedite judicial processes. (Paras 2, 5, 12, 24, 36)

(B) Constitutional Law – Right to appeal – Court held that the right to appeal is not absolute and is subject to statutory provisions – The amendments aimed to limit interlocutory appeals to prevent abuse of process and ensure efficient trial proceedings. (Paras 58, 62)

(C) Judicial Precedent – The court emphasized the importance of adhering to established precedents while recognizing the need for legislative amendments to address procedural inefficiencies. (Paras 47, 50)

Facts of the case: Plaintiffs sought declarations regarding the constitutionality of amendments to the Courts of Judicature Act, claiming these amendments denied their right to appeal against certain court decisions. (Paras 1, 5)

Findings of Court: The court dismissed the application, affirming that the amendments were constitutional and did not violate the plaintiffs' rights. (Paras 65)

Issues: The main issues included the constitutionality of the amendments and the implications for the right to appeal. (Paras 24, 58)

Ratio Decidendi: The court ruled that the amendments were valid and aimed at improving judicial efficiency, thus not infringing on the plaintiffs' rights. (Paras 36, 62)

Result: Application dismissed with costs.

JUDGMENT

Noor Ruwena Md Nurdin JC:

Background

[1] The Court heard this Originating Summons (Encl 1) filed by the Plaintiffs dated 30 November 2022 on 27 February 2024 and reserved decision to 4 April 2024 wherein the Court dismissed it with costs. Dissatisfied with the Court's decision, the Plaintiffs have filed a Notice of Appeal to the Court of Appeal (CoA) on 8 April 2024. This grounds of judgment contains the Court's reasons in dismissing the application. The parties are referred to as per the hearing in the High Court (HC).

[2] The reliefs sought in Encl 1 were as follows:

1) Suatu Deklarasi bahawa pindaan kepada s 28(1) Akta Mahkamah Kehakiman 1964 [Akta 91] dengan meminda sub-seksyen (1) dan memasukkan Perenggan (b), (c), dan (d) menerusi Akta Mahkamah Kehakiman (Pindaan) 2022 [dikenali sebagai Akta A1661], yang menidakkan hak untuk merayu, adalah bercanggah (Ultra vires') Perkara 5(1), dan/atau Perkara 10(1)(a) dan 10(2)(a) Perlembagaan Persekutuan;

2) Suatu Deklarasi bahawa pindaan kepada s 68(1) Akta Mahkamah Kehakiman 1964 [Akta 91] dengan memasukkan Perenggan (e), (f), dan (g) menerusi Akta Mahkamah Kehakiman (Pindaan) 2022 [dikenali sebagai Akta A1661], yang menidakkan hak untuk merayu, adalah bercanggah ('Ultra vires') Perkara 5(1), dan/atau Perkara 10(1)(a) dan 10(2)(a) Perlembagaan Persekutuan;

3) Suatu Perintah bahawa pindaan kepada s 28(1) Akta Mahkamah Kehakiman 1964 [Akta 91] dengan meminda sub-seksyen (1) dan memasukkan Perenggan (b), (c), dan (d) menerusi Akta Mahkamah Kehakiman (Pindaan) 2022 [dikenali sebagai Akta A1661] dan s 68(1) Akta Mahkamah Kehakiman 1964 [Akta 91] dengan memasukkan Perenggan (e), (f), dan (g) menerusi Akta Mahkamah Kehakiman (Pindaan) 2022 [dikenali sebagai Akta A1661] dimansuhkan di bawah Peruntukkan Perkara 162(6), dan 162(7) Perlembagaan Persekutuan;

4) Jika Mahkamah menjawab persoalan undang-undang di dalam perenggan (1), (2) dan (3) di atas secara afirmatif, suatu perintah bahawa Plaintif-Plaintif yang dinamakan di atas dibenarkan untuk merayu kepada Mahkamah Rayuan di Putrajaya di atas keputusan Pesuruhjaya Kehakiman bertarikh 18 Oktober 2022 yang telah menolak permohonan Plaintif-Plaintif untuk membatalkan Writ Saman dan Pernyataan Tuntutan di bawah A 18 k 19(1)(a) dan (b) Kaedah-Kaedah Mahkamah 2012 dalam tempoh tiga puluh (30) hari daripada tarikh perintah ini;

5) Perintah-perintah selanjutnya yang berkaitan dan perlu yang difikirkan adil dan suai manfaat oleh Mahkamah yang Mulia;

6) Kos tindakan ini.

[3] Before I go on to elaborate on this Court's decision in dismissing Encl 1 and as a starting point, it is best to go one step back and to highlight that earlier, the Plaintiffs had filed a Notice of Application in Encl 14 under the provision of s 84 of the Courts of Judicature Act 1964 [Act 91] ("the CJA") to have eight (8) questions referred to the Federal Court ( FC ), which substantially mirrored the reliefs sought in Encl 1 as could be seen from the same prayers sought by the Plaintiffs wherein:

"a) Bahawa soalan (1), (2) dan (3) dalam Saman Pemula bertarikh 30 November 2022 (Lampiran 1) dinyatakan dalam bentuk kes khas di bawah s 84(4) Akta Mahkamah Kehakiman 1964 untuk memutuskan isu-isu khas di bawah Perlembagaan Persekutuan dan undang-undang seperti berikut:

(i) ....

(ii) ....

b) Bahawa segala prosiding di hadapan Mahkamah Yang Mulia ini digantung sementara menunggu penyelesaian kes khas ini di Mahkamah Persekutuan; dan

c) Apa-apa relif lain yang Mahkamah ini fikirkan adil dan suai manfaat untuk diberikan."

[4] The eight (8) questions ("Proposed Questions") posed in Encl 14 have been translated as follows:

(i) Whether the amendment to s 28(1) of the CJA by amending sub section (1) and inserting paragraphs (b), (c) and (d) through the Act A1661 is unconstitutional, void, invalid, contradicts and/ or violates the principle of fundamental liberty or freedom of expression guaranteed under art 10(1)(a), and in consequence of which violates the fundamental liberties of the public at lar

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