SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
DINESH MAHESHWARI, ANIRUDDHA BOSE, JJ.
Kanwarjit Singh Kang – Appellant
Versus
M/s ICICI Lombard General Insurance Co. LTD. & Anr. - Respondents
Petition(s) for Special Leave to Appeal (C) No(s). 6518/2018 (Arising out of impugned final judgment and order dated 15-09-2017 in RP No. 214/2017 passed by the National Consumers Disputes Redressal Commission, New Delhi)
Decided on : 29-03-2022
Insurance Claim - Delay in Lodging FIR and Informing Insurer - Violation of Insurance Policy Conditions - [INSURANCE CLAIM] - [DELAY IN LODGING FIR AND INFORMING INSURER] - [Motor Insurance policy wordings: Notice shall be given in writing to the Company immediately upon the occurrence of any accidental loss or damage and in the event of any claim and thereafter the insured shall give all such information and assistance as the Company shall require. Every letter claim writ summons and/or process or copy thereof shall be forwarded to the Company immediately on receipt by the insured. Notice shall also be given in writing to the Company immediately the insured shall have knowledge of any impending prosecution Inquest or Fatal Inquiry in respect of any occurrence which may give rise to a claim under this policy. In case of theft or criminal act which may be the subject of a claim under this policy the insured shall give immediate notice to the police and co-operate with the company in securing the conviction of the offender. - The insured shall take all reasonable steps to safeguard the vehicle from loss or damage. - [Theft or criminal act other than the accident: The insured shall give immediate notice to the police and cooperate with the company in securing the conviction of the offender.] - [Theft of Vehicle: Immediate lodging of FIR and cooperation with police is essential. Delay in informing insurer and failure to safeguard vehicle may lead to repudiation of claim.]
Fact of the Case:
The petitioner made an insurance claim for the theft of his insured truck. The claim was repudiated by the respondent due to delay in lodging the FIR and informing the insurance company, and leaving the vehicle unattended with ignition keys on a highway.
Finding of the Court:
The District Forum, State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, and National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission affirmed the repudiation of the claim. The National Commission dismissed the revision petition, stating that the petitioner violated the insurance contract conditions and failed to take reasonable care to protect the insured truck.
Issues: Violation of insurance policy conditions, delay in lodging FIR, informing insurer, and failure to safeguard the vehicle.
Ratio Decidendi: Immediate lodging of FIR and cooperation with police is essential in case of theft of a vehicle. Delay in informing the insurer and failure to safeguard the vehicle may lead to repudiation of the claim.
Final Decision: The special leave petition was dismissed, and no case for interference was made out.
ORDER :
1. The petitioner made an insurance claim, in terms of the policy of insurance taken from the respondent, on account of the alleged theft of his insured truck. His claim was repudiated by the respondent essentially on two grounds pertaining to the violation of the terms of policy: one, that there was an abnormal delay of eight days in lodging the FIR and of sixteen days in informing the insurance company about the alleged theft; and second, that the vehicle was left unattended on a Highway with ignition keys and thereby, the petitioner or his employees failed to take requisite steps to protect the insured truck from any loss or damage.
2. The reasons as stated in the repudiation letter could be usefully reproduced as under: -
2) The date of loss as informed by you is 25th March 2010 and the notice/intimation to the police is dated 2nd April 2010. Condition 1 of the Motor Insurance policy wordings is as follows:-Notice shall be given in writing to the Company immediately upon the occurrence of any accidental loss or damage and in the event of any claim and thereafter the insured shall give all such information and assistance as the Company shall require. Every letter claim writ summons and/or process or copy thereof shall be forwarded to the Company immediately on receipt by the insured. Notice shall also be given in writing to the Company immediately the insured shall have knowledge of any impending prosecution Inquest or Fatal Inquiry in respect of any occurrence which may give rise to a claim under this policy. In case of theft or criminal act which may be the subject of a claim under this policy the insured shall give immediate notice to the police and co-operate with the company in securing the conviction of the offender.
There has been a delay in intimation of 8 days delay in intimating the police whereas; the aforementioned conditions speaks of immediate notice to the police authorities.”
3. On the complaint made by the petitioner, the District Forum, the State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission and the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission have concurrently returned the findings against the petitioner. Of course, the State Commission did not find the ground of leaving the ignition keys in the vehicle to be a valid reason for repudiating the claim but endorsed the other ground that there had been unexplained and inordinate delay in lodging the FIR and informing the insurer about the alleged theft.
4. The National Commission, while dismissing the revision petition filed by the petitioner has, inter alia, observed as under:
Insurance Policy – Theft – Delay in intimating theft of vehicle to insurance company – Insurance Company could not have repudiated the claim.
Insurance Company cannot repudiate claim in toto, made by owner of vehicle which was duly insured with Insurance Company, in case of loss of vehicle due to theft, merely on the ground that there was ....
Intimation – the delay in intimation to the Insurance Company as also the purported transfer of the vehicle to a third party by entering into a sale agreement is no more a factor for the insurer to d....
(1) Immediate Notice – The object behind giving immediate notice to the police appears to be that if the police is immediately informed about the theft or any criminal act, the police machinery can b....
Insurance claim cannot be repudiated only on the ground of delay on part of complainant in intimating Insurance Company.
The Consumer Protection Act prioritizes consumer interests, allowing claims to proceed despite delays if satisfactorily explained, emphasizing pragmatic interpretation over hyper-technicality.
(1) Definition of Fundamental Breach – An insurance company can only deny a claim in its entirety if there is a “fundamental breach” of policy conditions. A delay in reporting is generally considered....
(1) Lodgement of FIR – after the vehicle is stolen, a person, who lost his vehicle, would immediately lodge an FIR and the immediate conduct that would be expected of such a person would be to assist....
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