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  • Judgments granting specific performance - Courts generally favor granting specific performance of an agreement to sell when the contract is valid, properly executed, and the plaintiff demonstrates readiness and willingness to perform their part. The relief is discretionary and based on equitable principles, with courts exercising their discretion judiciously, considering factors like bona fide intention, absence of unfair conduct, and the absence of undue delay. For instance, the court in its discretion can impose any reasonable condition including payment of an additional amount by one party to the other while granting or refusing decree for specific performance ["2025 Supreme(Online)(Mad) 72431"]. Similarly, granting of specific performance is an equitable relief, though the same is now governed by the statutory provisions of the Specific Relief Act, 1963 ["2022 0 Supreme(All) 1632"].

  • Main points and insights:

  • Courts tend to grant specific performance when the agreement is valid, and the plaintiff proves continuous willingness and readiness to perform ["2023 Supreme(Online)(MP) 27067"], ["2023 0 Supreme(P&H) 1275"].
  • The discretion to grant such relief is governed by Section 20 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963, which emphasizes equitable considerations and the importance of the conduct of the parties ["2022 0 Supreme(All) 1632"], ["2025 0 Supreme(Kar) 2564"].
  • Conditions such as delay, breach, or lack of bona fide conduct can lead courts to deny specific performance and instead award damages or refund of earnest money ["2023 0 Supreme(P&H) 2896"], ["2023 0 Supreme(P&H) 2006"].
  • The existence of a valid agreement, proper execution, and passing consideration are critical; disputes over title or inheritance do not necessarily bar specific performance if the agreement itself is valid ["2023 Supreme(Online)(MP) 27067"], ["2023 0 Supreme(P&H) 1275"].
  • Courts may impose conditions, including payment of additional amounts, or refuse specific performance if equity demands, such as in cases of unclean hands, delay, or forged documents ["2025 Supreme(Online)(Mad) 72431"], ["2023 0 Supreme(P&H) 2129"].

  • Analysis and conclusion:

  • The principle across the cases indicates that specific performance is an extraordinary, equitable remedy granted at the discretion of the court, with a strong preference to uphold valid, bona fide agreements where the plaintiff has demonstrated continuous willingness ["2025 0 Supreme(Kar) 2564"].
  • Courts carefully evaluate the conduct of the parties, the existence and validity of the agreement, and whether the plaintiff was ready and willing to perform their obligations at the time of suit ["2023 Supreme(Online)(MP) 27067"].
  • While the law favors granting specific performance, it is not an automatic remedy; courts may deny it based on equitable grounds, delay, or misconduct, and may instead order refund of earnest money or damages ["2023 0 Supreme(P&H) 2896"], ["2022 0 Supreme(All) 1632"].
  • Overall, judgments favoring specific performance emphasize the importance of bona fide conduct, proper execution, and the court’s discretion in balancing fairness and legal rights ["2019 Supreme(Online)(Chh) 440"].
When Do Courts Grant Specific Performance for Agreements to Sell?

When Do Courts Grant Specific Performance for Agreements to Sell?

In the realm of property transactions, an agreement to sell can sometimes lead to disputes when one party fails to execute the sale deed. Buyers often seek specific performance, an equitable remedy compelling the seller to fulfill the contract. But when do courts grant such judgments? This post delves into key legal principles, judicial precedents, and practical considerations drawn from Indian court decisions.

Note: This is general information based on case law and not specific legal advice. Consult a qualified lawyer for your situation.

The Core Legal Question: Judgments Granting Specific Performance

The question at hand is straightforward yet nuanced: judgments granting specific performance of agreement to sell. Courts typically grant this relief when there's a valid contract, the plaintiff shows unwavering readiness and willingness to perform, and no equitable bars exist. As an equitable remedy, it's discretionary, guided by fairness and good faith. [

#SpecificPerformance, #PropertyLaw, #AgreementToSell
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