What Counts as Material Alteration in Documents?

2022 0 Supreme(P&H) 1941

4. 4thly, on the same date and place, you accused obtained DL and rent note for providing job to Gurbir Kaur in the bank which are a valuable document and cheated the complainant by using the said document to be genuine and thus you both ... The amendment of charge sheet amounts to filling up of lacuna. The FIR was registered on 10.09.2011 and fresh charge sheet has been issued on 07.03.2020. ... After closing of evidence of both sides, th....

2025 0 Supreme(SC) 1255

Hence, it cannot be said that there was no plea regarding material alteration, which was found by the High Court on a mere perusal of the document; on which document, the entire suit was based on. 8. ... We are not convinced that Section 73 has any application and in finding material alteration the courts are not obliged to always refer it to an expert; especially when it is clearly ....

2025 0 Supreme(HP) 90

Although their Lordships held that the presumption may be rebutted by the appearance of the document itself, but the principle laid down obviously is that he who produces an altered document must prove how the alteration was made. ... Effect of material alteration - Any material alteration of a negotiable instrument renders the same void as against any one who is a par....

2025 0 Supreme(Del) 483

upon him, he does not know the contents of the document or electronic record or the nature of the alteration.]” ... living or dead at the time of such alteration; or Thirdly. ... This amounts to dishonest concealment of facts, it is a deception within the meaning of Section 415 IPC. ... The third is where a person dishonestly or fraudulently causes any person to sign, execute or alter a document knowing t....

In that view the date of issue is the date when the blank document was invested with all the features of a promissory note. The insertion of the date therefore was not a material alteration, it was not in fact an alteration at all. ... Section 64 (2) of the Bills of Exchange Act states that any alteration of the date is a material alteration. ... The alte....

Promissory note-Material alteration-Note a nullity-May note be read in evidence on an action for money lent ? ... I do not think that there is any magic in the fact that the document was a nullity. The principles I have above explained apply, whether the document in question is void, or whether it is only voidable. In my opinion, therefore, the appeal should be dismissed with costs. ... Obiter-The effect of #HL_STA....

The insertion of interest without authority amounts to a material alteration of the note. Counsel relied on 1 Balasingham 182. A. St. V. Jayewardene, for the respondent.-The judgment is right, as it is only for the admitted indebtedness of the defendants. ... I feel constrained to hold that the alteration of the note was a material one, and that the plaintiff had no cause of action upon it. ... Under ....

The defendants never said that they ratified the alteration of the document; and even if they so ratified it, the alteration could not cease to be a material alteration, and a material alteration vitiates a note, irrespective of the attitude of the person affected by the alteration towards the alteration ... Blank promissory note-....

2023 0 Supreme(AP) 1293

Learned counsel for the Respondent would argue that the question relating to the material alteration is a disputing question of fact and law, and for that the accused can adduce his evidence and Court can decide on appreciation of the same. ... As rightly argued it is mixed question of fact and law, the Court can appreciate the evidence on record, but a fair chance should be given to the accused to avail his opportunity to send the document....

High Court Malaya Kuala Lumpur

At the material time, encl 17 had not been served on the plaintiff. ... At all material times, their Amended Defence and Counterclaim was filed outside the prescribed timeline and without the requisite leave under O 20 r 5 of the Rules. ... Background Facts [2] The material facts are largely undisputed. ... Instead, it involves an addition or alteration to the affidavit falling within the ambit of O 41 r 7, which is gener....

2013 0 Supreme(Kar) 644

Then, let us see what are the corrections, how did the document read before the corrections and how does the document read after corrections and does it amount to material alteration. What is typed in the document discloses that, "out of Rs. 3,47,100/- this day in the presence of the witnesses Rs. 75,000/- has been received as advance. The balance sale consideration of Rs. 2,72,100/- would be paid in about 6 months from the date of execution of the agreement."

2012 0 Supreme(Mad) 4130

Thus the plaintiff had got ample opportunity to explain the alterations found on the face of record. The alleged material alteration is apparent on the face of the document. In fact, the plea regarding material alteration had been consdiered by the Court not on the context of validity of agreement, but on the context of who was in possession of property at the time when the sale agreement was entered into. Opportunity has been given to the witnesses to explain about the same.

Current Civil Cases

Thus the plaintiff had got ample opportunity to explain the alterations found on the face of record. The alleged material alteration is apparent on the face of the document. In fact, the plea regarding material alteration had been considered by the Court not on the context of validity of agreement, but on the context of who was in possession of property at the time when the sale agreement was entered into. Opportunity has been given to the witnesses to explain about the same.

2012 0 Supreme(Mad) 287

The material alteration is one which varies the rights of the parties, liabilities, or legal position of the parties ascertained by the deed in its original state etc. Material alteration can be made by a new insertion that did not form part of the document originally executed.

2003 0 Supreme(Mad) 432

Though learned counsel for the appellants submitted that the insertion was made even at the time of registration of the document and due to oversight, it was not incorporated in the copy of the document and the insertion in the deed was made on the advice of the Sub-Registrar at the time of registration of the document, however, in the absence of any evidence, we proceed on the basis that the insertion of the words was made after the registration of the document. The question still r....