Judgment

SHELAT, J. : All these four appeals by special leave raise a common question regarding interpretation of S. 11 (1) of the Madras Commercial Crops Markets Act XX of 1933 and R. 28 of the Rules made there under and, therefore, can be disposed of by a common judgment.

2. The Act was originally enacted by the Madras Legislature. It was a law in force immediately before the constitution of the State of Andhra Pradesh and governed the territories now forming part of that State. By virtue of Andhra Pradesh Act of 1953 and the Adaptation of Laws Order passed on November 1, 1953 by the State Government of Andhra Pradesh it became applicable to the newly formed State of Andhra Pradesh. By a Notification, dated June 27, 1949 the then Government of Madras, in exercise of the power conferred on it by S. 2 (1) (a), declared coconuts and copra to be commercial crops. Under S. 4 of the Act, the State Government also declared the District of East Godavari as the notified area" for purposes of the Act in respect of coconuts and copra. By a further notification, dated December 5, 1950, issued under S. 4 (a) of the Act it established a Market Committee at Rajahmundry for the said notified are