Judgment

GROVER, J.: This is an appeal by certificate from a judgment and decree of the Punjab High Court (Circuit Bench, Delhi) by which the suit filed by the appellant for a declaration that the order dated May 26, 1951 directing his removal from service was wrongful, illegal and void and that he still continued to be in the service of the respondent as Supervisor, Army Ordnance Corps.

2. According to the allegations in the plaint the appellant was appointed by the Governor-General in July 1942 as Supervisor, Army Ordnance Corps which according to him, was a civil post under the Crown in India. In the months of September and October, 1950 the appellant was served with charge-sheets by the Ordnance Officer, Administration, Shakurbasti, Delhi State, where he was posted at that time calling upon him to submit his defence to the charges of making serious false allegations against his superior officer Maj. H.S. Dhillon. The appellant asked for grant of time for submitting his defence and he also demanded copies of certain documents etc., to prove his case. On May 26, 1951 while this inquiry was pending he was served with an order by the Ordnance Officer, Administration, Shakurbasti, Delhi which was as follows:

"Under instructions received from Army Headquarters you are hereby given one month s notice of discharge 2112 with immediate effect, services being no longer required. Your services will be terminated on 25th June, 1951." The appellant challenged the legality of the above order principally on the ground that it had been passed by an officer who was subordinate to the authority who appointed him and that no inquiry "as required by Fundamental Rules and under the provisions of the Constitution of India" had been held in the matter of allegations against him and that no adequate opportunity had been afforded to him of defending himself or of showing cause against the action proposed to be taken. He also raised the question of the order being vitiated by mala fides. In the written statement filed by the Union of India it was stated that the appellant had been appointed as a Labour Supervisor in the Extra Temporary Establishment by the Cool Ordnance Officer Incharge, Ammunition Depot, Kasubegu under the authority of Financial Regulations, India, Part I, Volume 25 and not by the Governor General. It was pleaded, inter alia, that it was decided by the Government of India vide Army Headquarter s letter dated May, 25, 1951 to terminate the services by serving one month s notice. Consequently a notice of discharge from the service ,was given to him by the Ordnance Officer, Administration who was competent to serve the notice on him under the authority of the Army Order No. 1202/1943 read in conjunction with Financial Regulations referred to before.

3. The sole material issue which was framed was whether the order dated May 26, 1951 removing the appellant from service was illegal, wrong, void, ultra, vires and inoperative. The trial judge held that Art. 311 of the Constitution was applicable to the case of the appellant and that his removal had not been ordered by the appointing authority. The suit was decreed. The respondent preferred an appeal which was decided by the Additional District Judge, Delhi. It was held by him that Art. 311 was not applicable to the appellant as he held a post connected with defence. According to learned judge the appellant s services were terminated under Rule 5 of the Civilians in Defence Service (Temporary Service), Rules 1949, hereinafter called the Rules . It was found that the order terminating the services had been passed by the proper authority. The appeal was allowed and the suit was dismissed. The appellant appealed to the High Court which was dismissed. His appeal was heard along with certain other appeals in which similar points were involved. It was found that the salary of the appellant was paid out of the estimates of the Ministrs of Defence and he was intimately connected with the defence of t