WANCHOO, J.:

(1) THIS petition under Art. 32 of the Constitution challenges the constitutionality of U. P. Land Tenures (Regulation of Transfers) Act 1952, (U. P. XV of 1952), (hereinafter called the Transfer Act) and the Indian Forest (U. P. Amendment) Act 1956, (U. P. V of 1956), (hereinafter referred to as the Forest Amendment Act.) The case of the petitioner is that he obtained a permanent lease from the Maharaja Bahadur of Nahan of certain land known as `asarori` land, situate in the district of Dehra Dun, in Uttar Pradesh. The area leased out to him was 1069.68 acres in Khewat No. 1, Mahal No. 8, Khasra Nos. 1A, 1B and 2. This land was originally a Crown grant and had been free from revenue since 1866. Initially, it belonged to Major P. Innes but was subsequently transferred to the Maharaja Bahadur of Nahan. On 25/01/1951, an agreement was executed by the Maharaja Bahadur in favour of the petitioner and one Virendra Goyal for lease of this land for a consideration of an annual rent of Rs. 2,200.00 and a premium of Rs. 64,000.00 . The petitioners case further is that the possession of the land in dispute was delivered to him at the time the agreement to lease was executed. It appears that at that time a large number of trees were standing on this land and the-Maharaja Bahadur had given a contract for the removal of the trees to another person with a view to making the land culturable, and the intention of the lessor was to demise the land to the petitioner after the trees were removed, so that the petitioner may carry on agricultural operations thereon. On 14/06/1952, a registered was executed by the Maharaja Bahadur in favour of the petitioner and Virendra Goyal and it was recited therein that the entire land had been cleared of the trees and had been in possession of the lessees from the date of the agreement referred to above. Therefore, in fulfillment of the agreement, the lease was executed demising to the lessees the land in question on an annual rent of Rs. 2,200.00 . The lease was permanent, heritable and transferable. The lease also provided that the lessor had given the right of hereditary tenancy within the meaning of the U. P. Tenancy Act, 1939 to the lessees. The lessees were also given the right to put the land to any other use whatsoever besides agriculture and subterranean rights were also conferred. They had also the right to sub-let and assign the land.

(2) THE petitioners case further is that Virendra Goyal is merely a benamidar and has no right, title or interest in the land in dispute and that a suit for declaration in that behalf is pending in the Civil court at Dehra Dun between the petitioner and Virendra Goyal. A day after the agreement of lease was executed, the U. P Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, No. 1 of 1951, (hereinafter referred to as the Abolition Act), came into force on 26/01/1951, and the land in dispute is land within the meaning of this Act. The Abolition Act was actually applied to this area by a notification issued under s. 4 thereof from 1/07/1952, shortly after the registered lease in favour of the petitioner and another had been made. The contention of the petitioner is that in consequence of the application of the Abolition Act to this area, the petitioner became a bhumidhar of the land under s. 18 (d) (iii) of the Abolition Act and that his bhumidhari rights still subsist. On 5/07/1952, the petitioner and his employees went to the land to carry on agricultural operations, but they were stopped from doing so by the City Magistrate, Dehra Dun along with the Divisional Forest Officer and the Tehsildar, Dehra Dun. He was ordered to desist from clearing the land until further orders. The matter was then referred to the government of Uttar Pradesh, and the petitioner was ordered to desist from doing anything, which was contrary to the U. P. Private Forests Act 1948 (U. P. VI of 1949). It may be mentioned that in the meantime the, Transfer Act wh