SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
A.M. Ahmadi, C.J.I., B P Jeevan Reddy, S Mohan, JJ.
SANKARA HALI & SANKARA INSTITUTE OF PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE, APPELLANT
VERSUS
KISHORI LAL GOENKA AND ANOTHER, RESPONDENTS.
Civil Appeals Nos. 5206-07 of 1993, decided on December 6, 1994.
Constitution of India, 1950 - Article 136 - Transfer of Property Act - Section 53 - Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 - Transactions - Registered instrument styled deed - Property in question is two storeyed building each floor admeasuring about square feet there being six rooms on ground floor - This property originally belonged to one inducted respondent as tenant in respect of second floor of building - Later on sold one-half undivided share in property to and other one-half share - In June tenant was inducted in first floor of property also – Held, Act prohibits entering into transactions and says that no person shall enter into any transaction and further provides that whoever enters into such transaction shall be punishable with imprisonment for term which may extend to three years or with fine or with both - Section bars suit claim or action to enforce any right in respect of any property against person in whose name property is so or against any other person by or on behalf of person claiming to be real owner of such property – Similarly no defence based on any right in respect of any property whether against person in whose name property is held or against any other person shall be allowed in any suit claim or action by or on behalf of person claiming to be real owner of such property - Section deals with question of property being liable to acquisition and Section lays down that nothing in Act shall affect the provisions of Section of Transfer of Property Act or any law relating to transactions for an illegal purpose - A reading of Section of Act shows that real owner is precluded from claiming title to property against person holding same either by way of assertion or defence – Appeal dismissed
ORDER
1. The property in question is a two-storeyed building, each floor admeasuring about 2300 square feet, there being six rooms on the ground floor. This property originally belonged to one Amar Chand Gangwal. The said Amar Chand Gangwal inducted the respondent Kishori Lal Goenka as a tenant in respect of the second floor of the building. Later on, the said Amar Chand Gangwal sold one-half undivided share in the property to Kalyan Chand and the other one-half share to Surender Kumar. In June 1961, a tenant was inducted in the first floor of the property also. It appears that Surender Kumar executed a document styled "declaration-cum-release deed" in favour of the partnership firm of M/s Ratan Lal Bansi Lal. By that document the executant Surender Kumar admitted the fact that he was the benamidar of one-half share in the property conveyed by Amar Chand Gangwal under a deed of conveyance dated 7-11-1950 and that the consideration for the purchase of one-half share was actually paid by the aforesaid firm of which his father was a partner. After execution of this document, the appellant herein entered into an agreement with the firm for the purchase of one-half share which it had derived under the conveyance dated 7-11-1950 acknowledged by the declaration of 24-12-1964. The appellant also entered into another agreement for purchase of the other half share of the property from Kalyan Chand. Under the terms of the said agreement, the appellant came to be put in possession of the ground floor of the property on 18-3-1967. Before the execution of the declaration-cum-release deed by Surender Kumar, it appears that suits were filed for eviction against both the tenants of the first floor and the second floor claiming possession on two grounds, viz., the arrears of rent and damage caused to property by unauthorised changes made therein. So far as the first ground was concerned, it was not available for the reason that the arrears were made good. The suits were, therefore, confined to the second ground only. However, after the appellant purchased the right, title and interest in the property under the deed of conveyance dated 26-3-1971, it moved an application on 8-1-1972 for being impleaded as Plaintiff 3, which application was allowed. After being so impleaded, the appellant moved an amendment application on 3-12-1976 to add an additional ground for seeking eviction, viz., that the property was required reasonably and bona fide by the appellant. Thus, the suits proceeded essentially on two grounds, viz., (1) damage caused to the property by structural alternations; and (2) the appellants requirement of the property. Incidentally, it may be mentioned here that the title of the appellant was put in question by the tenants.
2. The trial court decreed the suit holding that (1) the appellants predecessor had good and valid title and, therefore, the appellant had a valid title; (2) the tenants were liable to be evicted on the ground of default in payment of rent; (3) the appellant did not have sufficient accommodation in its possession and consequently, required extra accommodation; and (4) the tenants had illegally and unauthorisedly put up permanent structures in their respective tenements and had, therefore, caused damage and waste to the property. On these findings, the trial court directed delivery of possession and also granted a preliminary decree for mesne profits. The tenant preferred appeals which were heard by the learned District Judge who allowed the appeals holding that the appellant before us was not the owner of the undivided portion of the premises and, therefore, the suits were not maintainable; (2) the notices to quit were defective; (3) the tenants were neither liable to be evicted on the ground of wilful default in payment of rent; or alleged reasonable requirement of landlord nor were they liable to be evicted on the ground that they had carried out construction activity in their respective premises which had caused w
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