( 1 ) LEAVE granted. State of Maharashtra represented by the Education Department - the appellant in both the appeals - filed special leave petitions against the common Judgment and Order of the High Court of Judicature of Bombay dated 19-8-1988 rendered in Writ Petition No. 2303 of 1987 and Writ Petition No. 4816 of 1987 (reported in AIR 1989 Bombay 296 ). The writ petitions are public interest litigations, wherein the State of Maharashtra was the first respondent. The petitioner, who filed Writ Petition No, 2303 of 1987, is the first respondent in the appeal filed in S. L. P. No. 14017 of 1988 and the writ petitioners in Writ Petition No. 4816 of 1987 are respondents Nos. 51, 52 and 53 in the appeals. The other respondents in the High Court and also in this Court are the University of Bombay, various universities in the State of Maharashtra, various law colleges affiliated to the Bombay University and the University of Pune, Marathwada, Nagpur and Kolhapur, the Bar Council of Maharashtra and the Bar Council of India. The University Grants Commission is also respondent. It should be stated at the outset that the common appellant in these civil appeals (State) (Petitioner in the S.