Key Points: - The judgment holds that statutory rules cannot be amended by Executive instructions, but where rules are silent, the government may issue executive instructions in conformity with existing rules; letters/opinions of departments cannot have the status of executive instructions. (!) (!) (!) - It declines relief for belated seniority challenges, emphasizing laches, delay, and the need for timely approach, noting long-standing settled seniority should not be unsettled after a reasonable period (typically 3–4 years) without a satisfactory explanation. (!) (!) (!) (!) - It explains the difference between eligibility for promotion and seniority; seniority cannot override eligibility and must be considered only among those who are eligible, with qualifications fixed by service rules. (!) (!) (!)

What is the rule regarding whether statutory rules can be amended by executive instructions, and the circumstances under which executive instructions may fill gaps in the absence of statutory rules?

What is the principle governing maintainability of belated challenges to inter-se seniority, including the role of laches and delay, in absence of statutory rules for seniority?

What is the distinction between seniority and eligibility for promotion, and how should inter-se seniority be determined when statutory rules are silent?