JUDGMENT

ALTAMAS KABIR, CJI.

1. Leave granted in the Special Leave Petitions, which were taken up along with the Writ Petitions and Transferred Cases, as they all involve common questions of law and fact.

2. The common thread running through all these various matters is the question as to whether certain regulations framed by the University Grants Commission had a binding effect on educational institutions being run by the different States and even under State enactments.

3. The University Grants Commission Act was enacted by Parliament in 1956 inter alia with the object of making provision for the coordination and determination of standards in Universities and for that purpose, to establish a University Grants Commission, hereinafter referred to as the “Commission”. Under the University Grants Commission Act, 1956, hereinafter referred to as the “UGC Act”, the Commission is required to take, in consultation with the Universities or other concerned bodies, all such steps as it may think fit for the promotion and coordination of University education and for the determination and maintenance of standards of teaching, examination and research in Universities.

4. Section 12 of the UGC Act