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2022 Supreme(SC) 515

L. NAGESWARA RAO, B. R. GAVAI, ANIRUDDHA BOSE
In Re: T. N. Godavarman Thirumulpad – Appellant
Versus
Union of India – Respondent


Advocates appeared:
For the Parties :A.D.N. Rao, Rahul Mishra, Amit P. Sahi, D. Shiva Shankar, Ananya Khandhelwal, Agrimaa Singh, Aparajita Singh, Siddhartha Chowdhury, Adv M R. Chanchal Kumar Ganguli, Syed Mehdi Imam, T. Harish Kumar, M/S. Mitter & Mitter Co., M/S. Lawyer S Knit & Co, Anil Katiyar, Nalin Kohli, Shuvodeep Roy, Ankit Roy, Ishaan Borthakur, Nimisha Menon, Shri. Gaichangpou Gangmei, Raj Kishor Choudhary, Umesh Bhagwat, E. C. Agrawala, Ranjan Mukherjee, Gopal Singh, Jitendra Mohan Sharma, C. K. Sucharita, B. Sunita Rao, Ejaz Maqbool, M/S. Corporate Law Group, Himanshu Shekhar, P. N. Gupta, Advocates
For the Meghalaya :Pollution Control Board K. Enatoli Sema, Amit Kumar Singh, Chubalemla Chong, Advocates
State of Sikkim : Raghvendra Kumar, Anand Kr. Dubey, Rajlakshmi Singh, Nishant Verma, Rajiv Kumar Sinha, Simanta Kumar, Sunil Saraogi, Narendra Kumar,
For the State of A.P. :Mahfooz A. Nazki, Polanki Gowtham, Shaik Mohamad Haneef, T. Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy, K.V. Girish Chowdary, Rajeswari Mukherjee, Aruna Gupta, Sumita Hazarika, Advocates
For the Arunachal :Abhimanyu Tewari, Pradesh Eliza Bar, Advocates
For the West Bengal :Suhaan Mukerji, Nikhil Parikshith, Vishal Prasad, Abhishek Manchanda, Sayandeep Pahari, Tanmay Sinha, PLR Chambers & Co., Advocates
For the Meghalaya :Avijit Mani Tripathi, T.K. Nayak, Upendra Mishra, P.S. Negi, S.R. Kochhar, Jyoti Mendiratta, Madhu Moolchandani, Mohd. Irshad Hanif, Naresh K. Sharma, Jai Prakash Pandey, Manik Karanjawala, C. L. Sahu, Abha R. Sharma, S. R. Setia, Rajat Joseph, Nandini Gore, M/S. M. V. Kini & Associates, Pradeep Kumar Bakshi, Divya Roy, Radha Shyam Jena, Charu Mathur, T. V. George, Neeraj Shekhar, E. M. S. Anam, S. Janani, Surya Kant, Amit Anand Tiwari, Bina Gupta, M/S. K J John And Co, S. C. Birla, K. V. Bharathi Upadhyaya, Punit Dutt Tyagi, Ratan Kumar Choudhuri, Binu Tamta, Tejaswi Kumar Pradhan, Pawan Kumar Sharma, Dharmendra Kumar Sinha, Sujata Kurdukar, Shibashish Misra, M. Qamaruddin, Baby Krishnan, B V Deepak, Sudhir Kumar Gupta, Irshad Ahmad, Rauf Rahim, Rajeev Singh, Ramesh Babu M. R., Shiva Pujan Singh, K. V. Vijayakumar, Sarad Kumar Singhania, Hitesh Kumar Sharma, S.K. Rajora, Akhileshwar Jha, Vivek Sharma, Meenakshi Kamble, Kuldip Singh, Rekha Pandey, Avijit Bhattacharjee, Malini Poduval, Anjani Aiyagari, Kamal Mohan Gupta, Rajesh, Lakshmi Raman Singh, Ashok Mathur, Gopal Prasad, S.. Udaya Kumar Sagar, Hemantika Wahi, P. V. Yogeswaran, A. Sumathi, Ajit Pudussery, M. C. Dhingra, Sumita Hazarika, Abhishek Chaudhary, T. Mahipal, M/S. Arputham Aruna And Co, Raj Kumar Mehta, K. L. Janjani, Tarun Johri, Ram Swarup Sharma, A. Venayagam Balan, Krishnanand Pandeya, Asha Gopalan Nair, Rakesh K. Sharma, Kanchan Kaur Dhodi, E. C. Vidya Sagar, Ish Karan Singh Chhabra, Shiv Singh Yadav, Saifali Mitra, Rani Chhabra, V. Balachandran, P. R. Ramasesh, Rajiv Mehta, Rathin Das, Sudhir Kulshreshtha, Pratibha Jain, Prashant Kumar, P. Parmeswaran, E.R. Kumar, Lalit Chauhan, Abhiram Naik, Nitika Pandey, for M/S Parekh and Co., H. S. Parihar, Bina Madhavan, T. N. Singh, A. N. Arora, G. Prakash, Sharmila Upadhyay, Sudarsh Menon, Vikrant Singh Bais, Rajesh Singh, M. Yogesh Kanna, Somesh Chandra Jha, Adarsh Nain, Ruchira Goel, Mrinal Gopal Elker, Advocates
For the State of M.P. :Saurabh Mishra, AAG Samridhi Jain, Sunny Choudhury, Seita Vaidyalingam, Siddhartha Jha, Nikhil Goel, AAG V.N. Raghupathy, P. K. Manohar, Nishanth Patil, Vinod Sharma, Advocates
For the State of Rajasthan :Dr. Manish Singhvi, Arpit Parkash, Sandeep Kumar Jha, Balbir Singh, ASG D.L.Chidananda Suhasini Sen, Archana Pathak Dave, Salvador Santosh Rebello, Shyam Gopal, Sughosh Subramanyam, Neeraj K. Sharma, Harsh Singhal, Priyanka Sharma, Manish Tiwari, Prahil Sharma, Manjula Chaurasia, Harender Singh, Mukesh Verma, Indira Bhakar, G.S.Makker, Sandeep Dubey, Ambuj Saraswat, James P. Thomas, Vanshaja Shukla, Dr. Joseph Aristotle S., Siddharth Bhatnagar, Sarojanand Jha, Karan Sharma, Precheta Kar, Aditya Sidhra, Nadeem Afroz, M. R. Shamshad, Shalini Kaul, V.K. Shukla, Rajeev Kumar Dubey, Ashiwan Mishra, Kamlendra Mishra, S. Gowthaman, Guntur Pramod Kumar, Shubhranshu Padhi, P. S. Sudheer, D.K. Garg, Dinesh K. Garg, Dhananjay Garg, Abhishek Garg, Abhinav Mukerji, Pragya Baghel, Dr. Monika Gusain, Harim Om Yaduvanshi, Nishe Rajen Shonker, Anu K. Joy, Alim Anvar, Adv Anando Mukherjee, Gopal Balwant Sathe, Naveen Kumar, Archana Pathak Dave, Deepanwita Priyanka, P. Venkat Reddy, Prashant Tyagi, P. Srinivas Reddy, M/s. Venkat Palwai Law Associates, Kaushik Choudhury, Advocates
For the State of Maharashtra :Sachin Patil, . Rahul Chitnis, Aaditya A. Pande, Geo Joseph, Shwetal Shepal, Advocates
For the State of T.N. :Joseph Aristotle S., Nupur Sharma, Shobhit Dwivedi, Sanjeev Kumar Mahara, B. K. Pal, Saket Singh, Sangeeta Singh, Somyashree, Niranjana Singh, Chirag M. Shroff, Amandeep Mehta, Abhishek Atrey, Ajay Marwah, Sarvam Ritam Khare, Narendra Kumar, M/S. Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas , Mayuri Raghuvanshi, Aravindh S., C. Rubavathi, Advocates

JUDGMENT :

ANIRUDDHA BOSE, J.

These proceedings originate from the Writ Petition under Article 32 of the Constitution of India registered as W.P. (Civil) No. 202 of 1995 (T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India and Ors.), which is in the nature of a public interest litigation. It was instituted for protection of forest lands in the Nilgiris district of the State of Tamil Nadu. Subsequently, the scope of that writ petition was enlarged so as to protect such natural resources throughout the country. The original writ petitioner has since passed away (on 1st June 2016) but in an order passed on 3rd February 2017, this Court opined that being a public interest litigation, there was no requirement for bringing on record the legal representatives of the deceased petitioner. The writ petition, in substance, continued with the cause title “in Re: T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India & Ors”. Various Orders have been passed from time to time in this writ petition to ensure preservation of forest resources of this country in balance with economic activities. By an Order of this Court dated 9th May 2002, a Central Empowered Committee (“CEC”) was directed to be formed primarily for


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