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2023 Supreme(SC) 1082

S. RAVINDRA BHAT, ARAVIND KUMAR
Balram Singh – Appellant
Versus
Union of India – Respondent


Advocates appeared:
For the Petitioner(s) Petitioner-in-person
For the Respondent(s): Mr. Gurmeet Singh Makker, AOR Ms. Astha Sharma, AOR Ms. Aishwarya Bhati, ASG Mr. Ameyavikrama Thanvi, Adv. Ms. Ruchi Kohli, Adv. Ms. Shraddha Deshmukh, Adv. Ms. Swarupama Chaturvedi, Adv. Mr. Amrish Kumar, AOR Dr. N. Visakamurthy, AOR Mr. Sanjay Jain, AOR Mr. K. Parameshwar, Amicus Curiae Ms. Arti Gupta, Adv. Ms. Kanti, Adv. Mr. Mv Mukunda, Adv. Mr. Chinmay Kalgaonkar, Adv. Ms. Jayna Kothari, Sr. Adv. Ms. Anindita Pujari, AOR Mr. Shaileshwar Yadav, Adv. Ms. Radhika Mohapatra, Adv. Ms. Bhumika Chouksey, Adv. Mr. Raghav Gupta, Adv. Ms. Aparna Mehrotra, Adv.

Table of Content
1. historical context of manual scavenging and legislative response. (Para 1 , 2)
2. petition context and lack of implementation. (Para 3 , 4)
3. previous court directions on manual scavenging. (Para 5)
4. status and operationalization of monitoring committees. (Para 6 , 8)
5. the necessity of implementation of acts related to manual scavenging. (Para 7)
6. arguments for a broader interpretation of rights. (Para 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 14)
7. importance of definition scope for manual scavengers. (Para 18 , 19)
8. operational shortcomings of institutions mandated by the act. (Para 39 , 40 , 41 , 70)
9. rehabilitation processes as essential to the law. (Para 50 , 51 , 52)
10. conclusion and comprehensive directives. (Para 96)
11. call to action for constitutional compliance in eliminating manual scavenging. (Para 97)

JUDGMENT :

S. Ravindra Bhat, J.

1. The unforgettable annals of our history not only have charted the numerous sacrifices of the people who fought for independence from the foreign imperial ruler but also a lesser-known freedom that for millennia eluded a large mass of

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