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2023 Supreme(SC) 1800

SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
B.V. NAGARATHNA, UJJAL BHUYAN, JJ.
ARN Infrastructure India Limited – Petitioner
Versus
Hara Prasad Ghosh – Respondent
Civil Appeal No..............of 2023 [Civil Appeal Diary No. 31182 of 2023]
Decided On : 04-09-2023

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Petitioner: Amrita Sarkar
For the Respondents: Devvrat, Swati Setia

Headnote:(A) Consumer Protection Act, 2019 - Right to be heard - Principles of Natural Justice - Delay in appeal - Delay of 249 days condoned on grounds of company restoration - NCDRC's refusal to grant adjournment led to violation of principles of natural justice; hence, the matter remanded for re-hearing. (Paras 5, 9, 10)

(B) Right to address arguments - Opposite party entitled to present its case even without filing a written version; failure to allow adjournment prejudiced their rights. (Paras 7, 9)

Facts of the case:
The appellant, whose company was restored after being struck off, appealed against NCDRC’s order which refused to grant an adjournment to the appellant’s counsel leading to a decision made without their input.

Findings of Court:
The court found that the NCDRC's refusal to grant the adjournment was improper, leading to a violation of natural justice; thus, the appeal was allowed and the matter remanded for reconsideration.

Issues: The primary issue was whether the refusal of the NCDRC to grant an adjournment breached principles of natural justice affecting the appellant's right to be heard.

Ratio Decidendi: The court held that the opposite party must have the opportunity to present their arguments, which was undermined by the NCDRC's decision, and remanded the case for full consideration.

Result: Appeals allowed and matter remanded to NCDRC.

Table of Content
1. delay in filing appeal and its condonation. (Para 1 , 2)
2. arguments regarding delay and its justification. (Para 3 , 4)
3. procedural rights and natural justice considerations. (Para 7 , 8 , 9)
4. scheduling and procedural directives for ncdrc. (Para 10 , 11 , 12)
5. formal conclusion and disposal of applications. (Para 13 , 14)

ORDER :

1. Issue notice on the application seeking condonation of delay as well as in the appeals.

2. There is delay of 249 days in filing this appeal.

3. Learned counsel for the appellant submitted that since the company was struck off and there afterwards has been restored, hence, the delay.

4. Learned counsel for the respondent vehemently objected to any condonation of delay.

5. However, for the reasons stated by the appellant we find sufficient cause has been made out to condone the delay. Hence, application seeking condonation of delay is allowed.

6. Though these appeals are listed for admission, with the consent of learned counsel on both sides, these appeals are heard finally.

7. The appellant (opposite party) is aggrieved by the impugned order dated 27.10.2022 by which the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, New Delhi (hereinafter referred to as the “NCDRC” for the sake of convenience) in Complaint Case No. 1456/2019 refused to grant time to the appellants counsel who has sought for an adjournment of the case on behalf of the opposite party before the NCDRC and proceeded to consider the complaint on merits and allowed the complaint directing return of the entire amount deposited by the complainant with the opposite party/appellant herein with interest at 9% per annum from the date of the deposit till the actual payment, within a period of two months from the date of the judgment being 27.10.2022. Subsequently Miscellaneous Application No. 128/2023 was filed in the complaint, seeking recalling of the order dated 27.10.2022 in the said application. The said application was also rejected. Hence, these appeals.

8. We have heard Ms. Amrita Sarkar learned counsel for the appellant and Mr. Devvrat, learned counsel for the respondent and perused the material on record.

9. On perusal of the impugned order, we note that a proxy counsel appeared for the counsel for the appellant/Opposite party herein before the NCDRC, seeking an adjournment of the case. Although the opposite party had not filed its version and may not have participated in the proceedings before the NCDRC, nevertheless, had the right to address final arguments before the NCDRC. In order to do so a short adjournment was sought by the appellant/opposite party before the NCDRC. However, the NCDRC refused to grant the adjournment for the reasons that no written version had been filed by the appellant/opposite party before the NCDRC. In fact learned counsel for the respondent brings to our notice that even Vakalatnama was not filed on behalf of the appellant/ opposite party before the NCDRC. However, the fact remains that the counsel was engaged to seek an adjournment in order to address arguments on merits. The opposite party had the right to do so even in the absence of filing its written version against the complaint. Since the request for adjournment was refused and only the complainant was heard on merits, we find that there has been a violation of the principles of natural justice. On that short ground alone the impugned orders are set aside. The matter is remanded to the NCDRC in order to grant a reasonable opportunity to both sides to address arguments on merits in the said complaint.

10. Since both parties are represented by their respective counsel, they shall appear before the NCDRC on 20.09.2023 without expecting any separate notices from the NCDRC. On the said date or on any other convenient date, the NCDRC shall hear the learned counsel for the respective parties on the merits of the complaint and dispose of the same in accordance with law.

11. If the appellant/opposite party before the NCDRC has not filed its Va

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