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2025 Supreme(SC) 892

ABHAY S. OKA, M. M. SUNDRESH
Ganeshkumar Rajeshwarrao Selukar – Appellant
Versus
Mahendra Bhaskar Limaye – Respondent


Advocates appeared:
For the Appellant(s) :Mr. R Venkataramani, A G for India Mr. Raman Yadav, Adv. Mr. Chitvan Singhal, Adv. Ms. Aishwarya Bhati, Adv. Mr. Abhishek Kumar Pandey, Adv. Mr. Shraddha Deshmukh, Adv. Mr. Ameyavikrama Thanvi, Adv. Mr. Kartikay Aggarwal, Adv. Mr. Shreekant Neelappa Terdal, AOR Dr. Tushar Mandlekar, Adv. Ms. Anju Thomas, AOR Ms. Mantika Haryani, Adv. Ms. Muskan Surana, Adv. Ms. Panistha Bhatt, Adv. Ms. Tejas Fadnavis, Adv. Mr. Tushar Mehta, Solicitor General Mr. Aaditya Aniruddha Pande, AOR 3 Mr. Sourav Singh, Adv Mr. Chitranshul A. Sinha, AOR Mr. Nishant Ramakantrao Katneshwarkar, AOR Mr. B. Veeraswamy Raju, Adv. Ms. Shilpa Sharma, Adv. Ms. Aswathi M.k., AOR Mr. Sudhir Naagar, AOR Mr. Manohar Naagar, Adv. Mr. Arun Kumar Nagar, Adv. Mr. Rahul Kasana, Adv. Mr. Amit Anand Tiwari, Sr. Advocate, A.A.G. Ms. Purnima Krishna, AOR Mr. M.F.Philip, Adv. Mr. Karamveer Singh Yadav, Adv. Mr. Togin M. Babichen, Adv.
For the Respondent(s): Mr. Siddharth S. Chapalgaonkar, Adv. Ms. Sneha Botwe, Adv. Mr. Pai Amit, AOR Ms. Sakshi Kakkar, AOR Mr. Shakti Singh, Adv. Dr. Tushar Mandlekar, Adv. Ms. Anju Thomas, AOR Ms. Mantika Haryani, Adv. Ms. Muskan Surana, Adv. Ms. Panistha Bhatt, Adv. Ms. Tejas Fadnavis, Adv. Ms. Astha Sharma, AOR Mr. Sachin Shanmukham Pujari, AOR Mr. Shreekant Neelappa Terdal, AOR Mr. Amrish Kumar, AOR Ms. Devina Sehgal, AOR Mr. S. Uday Bhanu, Adv. Mr. Yatharth Kansal, Adv. Mr. Tushar Mehta, Solicitor General Mr. Aaditya Aniruddha Pande, AOR Mr. Siddharth Dharmadhikari, Adv. Mr. Bharat Bagla, Adv. Mr. Sourav Singh, Adv. Mr. Aditya Krishna, Adv. Mr. Adarsh Dubey, Adv. Mr. Krishna M. Singh, Adv. Mrs. Deepti Singh, Adv. Mr. Anil C Nishani, Adv. Mr. Jyoti Mishra, Adv. M/S. Krishna & Nishani Law Chambers, AOR Ms. Sakshi Kakkar, AOR Mr. Shakti Singh, Adv. Mr. Anandh Kannan N., AOR Dr. Tushar Mandlekar, Adv. Ms. Anju Thomas, AOR Ms. Mantika Haryani, Adv. Ms. Muskan Surana, Adv. Ms. Panistha Bhatt, Adv. Ms. Tejas Fadnavis, Adv. Mr. R. Venkataramani, A G for India Ms. Aishwarya Bhati, A.S.G. Ms. Sonia Mathur, Adv. Ms. Shraddha Deshmukh, Adv. Mr. Chinmayee Chandra, Adv. Mr. Siddhant Kohli, Adv. Ms. Ameyavikrama Thanvi, Adv. Mr. Chitvan Singhal, Adv. Mr. Abhishek Kumar Pandey, Adv. Mr. Raman Yadav, Adv. Mr. Kartikay Aggarwal, Adv. Mr. Shreekant Neelappa Terdal, AOR Mr. Tushar Mehta, Solicitor General Mr. Aaditya Aniruddha Pande, AOR Mr. Siddharth Dharmadhikari, Adv. Mr. Shrirang B. Varma, Adv. Mr. Bharat Bagla, Adv. Mr. Sourav Singh, Adv. Mr. Aditya Krishna, Adv. Mr. Adarsh Dubey, Adv. Mr. Somvir Singh Deswal, Adv. Mr. Abhishek Deswal, Adv. Mr. Neeraj Singh, Adv. Mr. Kuldeep Singh Bhakar, Adv. Mr. Manoj Kumar, Adv. Mr. P.D. Sharma, AOR

Judgement Key Points

The legal document emphasizes the integral role of consumerism within a democratic framework and its connection to public interest, social justice, and constitutional values. It highlights that consumer rights are inalienable and encompass constitutional guarantees, reflecting the broader societal need for social and economic equality. The document underscores that consumer litigation functions as a form of public interest litigation, fostering active citizen participation and strengthening participatory democracy, which is a fundamental feature of the Constitution (!) (!) .

It stresses that the exercise of consumer rights extends beyond individual grievances, often benefiting the public at large, and positions consumer protection as a means to promote social justice by addressing inequalities in access to goods, services, and opportunities (!) (!) . Consumer movements historically have contributed to significant political and social revolutions, demonstrating the interconnectedness of consumerism with broader societal change (!) (!) .

Furthermore, the document discusses that consumerism influences political processes, including electoral decisions and policy formulation, by reflecting societal demands and promoting social and economic equality (!) (!) (!) . Economically, consumer demand drives market growth, employment, and overall economic development, positioning consumer activity as a catalyst for progress (!) (!) .

Environmental considerations are also linked to consumerism, with a focus on sustainable and green consumer practices that support ecological balance and resource conservation. The development of sustainable lifestyles and environmentally conscious choices is seen as essential for achieving broader developmental and ecological goals (!) (!) (!) .

The document advocates for a robust and accessible redressal mechanism for consumer grievances, emphasizing that the existing institutional framework must evolve to meet the dynamic nature of consumer issues and societal needs. It advocates for structural reforms, including the establishment of permanent consumer forums with qualified personnel and secure tenure, to enhance efficiency, independence, and quality of decisions (!) (!) (!) .

Lastly, it addresses procedural aspects related to the appointment and tenure of consumer adjudicators, stressing the importance of transparent, fair, and constitutionally compliant processes. It underscores the need for clear qualifications, objective norms, and proper selection procedures, including examinations and interviews, to ensure competent adjudicators who can uphold consumer rights effectively (!) (!) (!) .

In summary, the document presents consumerism as a vital constitutional and societal force that promotes democracy, social justice, economic development, and environmental sustainability. It calls for reforms to strengthen consumer dispute resolution mechanisms, ensuring they are fair, independent, and capable of adapting to the evolving landscape of consumer rights and societal expectations (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) .


Table of Content
1. consumerism is integral to democracy. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5)
2. consumer rights are constitutional and inalienable. (Para 6 , 7 , 8)
3. legislation exists for consumer protection. (Para 9 , 10 , 11)
4. consumer litigation serves public interest. (Para 12 , 13 , 14)
5. consumerism impacts social justice. (Para 15 , 16 , 20)
6. consumer choices reflect political implications. (Para 22 , 23 , 24)
7. consumerism drives economic growth. (Para 25 , 26 , 27)
8. environmental concerns tie into consumerism. (Para 28 , 29 , 30 , 32 , 33)
9. redressal mechanisms for consumer grievances need evaluation. (Para 34 , 35 , 36)
10. constitutional framework for consumer disputes is evolving. (Para 40 , 41 , 43 , 44 , 46)
11. changes in rules affect consumer dispute resolutions. (Para 48 , 49 , 50)
12. judicial independence in appointment affects consumer rights. (Para 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 66)
13. the selection process for consumer adjudicators is vital. (Para 92 , 93 , 95)
14. directions are issued to enhance consumer protection mechanisms. (Para 100 , 102 , 103)

JUDGMENT :

1. Man is what he consumes. It is generally stated that one becomes a consumer from the time of his birth but, in reality,

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