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2025 Supreme(SC) 1081

SANJAY KAROL, SANDEEP MEHTA
Birka Shiva – Appellant
Versus
State Of Telangana – Respondent


Advocates appeared:
For the Petitioner(s): Ms. Harsha Tripathi, Adv. Ms. Kanishka Singh, Adv. Mr. Balaji Srinivasan, AOR Mrs. Lakshmi Rao, Adv. Mr. Vishwaditya Sharma, Adv. Mr. Subornadeep Bhattacharjee, Adv. Mr. Rohan Dewan, Adv. Ms. Aakriti Priya, Adv. Mr. K Shiva, Adv.
For the Respondent(s): Ms. Devina Sehgal, AOR Mr. Yatharth Kansal, Adv. Mr. Dhananjay Yadav, Adv. Mr. M. Srikanth Varma, Adv.

Judgement Key Points

Certainly. Based on the provided legal document, here are the key points summarized:

  1. The prosecution’s primary evidence for establishing the victim’s age relied on an official birth certificate (Ex.P11), indicating her date of birth as 3rd November 1996, which would make her approximately 15 years and 9 months old at the time of the incident (!) (!) .

  2. The evidentiary value of the birth certificate is limited without corroboration from witnesses who can verify its authenticity or the basis of the recorded date of birth. The court notes that such official entries are admissible but have limited probative value unless supported by reliable testimony or material evidence (!) (!) (!) .

  3. The court finds that the prosecution failed to sufficiently prove the victim’s age beyond reasonable doubt, as the evidence was not corroborated and the source of the date of birth entry was not established satisfactorily (!) (!) .

  4. The evidence indicates that the victim voluntarily accompanied the appellant on the date of the alleged kidnapping and resided with him for nearly two months, which undermines the claim that she was forcibly taken from her guardianship (!) (!) (!) .

  5. There is no credible evidence to establish that the appellant forcibly enticed or detained the victim against her will, or that she was confined in a locked room against her volition. The victim’s own deposition suggests she had free access and was not restrained forcibly (!) (!) (!) .

  6. The court observes that the victim’s statements during trial are consistent with her prior statements and do not demonstrate coercion or force. Her conduct, including staying with the appellant during his hospitalization, suggests her presence was voluntary (!) (!) .

  7. The prosecution failed to prove the essential element of lack of consent for the sexual acts, as the victim’s testimony did not imply any resistance or coercion, and the medical evidence did not support allegations of recent forced sexual intercourse (!) (!) .

  8. Based on the totality of the evidence, the court concludes that the essential ingredients for the charges of kidnapping, wrongful confinement, and rape are not satisfied. The victim’s voluntary participation and the absence of evidence of force or coercion lead to the acquittal of the appellant on all charges (!) (!) .

  9. Consequently, the conviction under Sections 376, 363, and 342 of the IPC is set aside, and the appellant is entitled to acquittal. The appeals are allowed, and the earlier judgments confirming conviction are reversed (!) .

  10. The court emphasizes that the burden of proof rests on the prosecution to establish the guilt beyond reasonable doubt, particularly regarding the victim’s age and non-consent, which it finds was not met in this case (!) (!) .

If you require further elaboration or specific legal principles, please let me know.


Table of Content
1. factual circumstances leading to the conviction (Para 2 , 3 , 4)
2. court's interpretation of consent and age of victim (Para 6 , 18)
3. failure of the prosecution to prove charges (Para 19 , 20 , 21)

JUDGMENT :

SANJAY KAROL, J.

Leave Granted.

2. The present appeal arises from the final judgment and order dated 26th June 2024 passed by the High Court for the State of Telangana at Hyderabad in Criminal Appeal No.384 of 2018, which confirmed the judgment and order dated 29th January 2018 passed by the Court of the Special Sessions Judge for Fast Tracking the Cases relating to Atrocities Against Women at Karimnagar,1[Hereinafter referred to as the 'Trial Court.'] in Sessions Case No.284 of 2014, whereby the Appellant-convict, Birka Shiva2[Hereinafter referred to as the ‘appellant’], was convicted under Sections 376 , 363, and 342 of the INDIAN PENAL CODE , 18603[Hereinafter referred to as ‘IPC’]. However, while upholding the order of conviction passed by the Trial Court, the High Court vide the impugned judgment, and order reduced the sentence awarded to the appellant and modified the sentence in the following manner:

Section

Trial Court

High Court

363 IPC

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